Character Compare and Contrast Essay

The 2 characters that are the main spotlight in this story are Jack and Ralph. They are great leaders but they have different ways of leading others. However they have different goals and that leads to arguments and in the end separation. Even in all the hardships, the littleuns still caused Ralph and Jack to add another worry about the â€Å"beast† into their list of worries Even though Jack and Ralph are innocent and mature at the start, they will break mentally in the end without civilisation to keep them sane. Jack and Ralph are great leaders but they have different ways of leading. Jack’s way of leading is more into the dictator type but Ralph is more into the democracy type. Ralph likes to get ideas and ask for volunteers to do them while Jack likes to tell others what to do.Even though they all agreed to the cliffs and the outhouses and there always has to be water in the coconut shells, but they all forgot about it and do it everywhere. As time passes arguments happens and they fought for leadership. Even though Jack and Ralph work well together but different goals caused them to separate. Jack’s goal is to hunt pigs and go wild in the forest ,but Ralph’s goal is to get off the island and stay alive. They are enthusiastic about the idea of building a signal fire to go back home, the hunters who are supposed to look after it were too focused on hunting the pig for food and left it to go out at the most crucial point. While they are hunting and the fire went out, a ship came pass by and went past them like they didn’t even exist.This accident caused Ralph and Jack into an argument that would eventually lead to separation. The littleuns like to play around but even though they they don’t have to do anything, they also have to make Jack and Ralph worry about the â€Å"beast.† Even though the littleums don’t have to do anything, they still have to create problems by lighting a spark of fear into others by the story of the â€Å"beast.† The day after the kid with the birthmark told them about the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"beast,† he’s gone and no one has yet seen him and they just took him out of their memories and made him disappear like he never existed. Even though the fear of the â€Å"beast’s† gone, once a fear of it is lit it would stay there forever and hunt them even in their dreams. Once they all are mentally broken, Jack took action and rebelled, overthrowing Ralph’s leadership. Even though both Jack and Ralph has the same background and have a similar life style, they still argue with each other and fought over the conch, the symbol of leadership. Jack and Ralph are great leaders but they have different ways of leading and thinking. They also have 2 different priorities which Ralph’s is staying alive and getting off the island back to their homes, but Jack’s priority is to hunt and go wild. Even though they have to worry about who’s in power constantly, the littleuns still have to light a spark of fear that gradually built up like pressure in a pressure tank and once it went over the limit, it blew. Even though they fought and argued they still did well staying alive even with out adults. Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the flies. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 2012. Print

Challenge of Training Global Workers Education_revised final

Challenge of Training Global Workers: Education Recently, globalization has become more and more common in everyday business and world politics. Different countries can contact each other easily allowing foreign trade to flourish, but, with the ease of communication and travel comes some issues that should be accounted for, for example, before hiring workers from different countries, you need to get to know their individual culture, which in turn would be beneficial in training them.There are too many problems with global workers, as we know, training a global employee requires the company to rely on a mass of vigor, manpower, and financial ability, so it is not easy to do business in foreign countries. In my opinion, the key to success of a company is its workers, even though business strategies are made by the leaders, it is the workers who turn these ideas into products and services. And the quality of products and efficiency of labor are the critical factors are indispensable in the company's prosperity. However, training the higher-qualified workers is not as easy as it appears.Diversity, language, educational background, and religion are all important aspects of international workers that quire not only training, but adjustment to the new country and way of business. The business world has witnessed the globalization of different cultures over the decades. It is inevitable for people from different backgrounds having opposite opinions on the same things. Maybe you tell them they should do it in this way, but they think they can't do it in your way, because it's not allowed in their culture. As a transfer student coming from China, Vive been here for about 2 years.So I know the differences between China and America, such as social structure, collectivism vs.. Individualism, business relations, freedom of speech, etc. As I know, China has a very formal and hierarchical social structure that extends to business, institutional and family life. In my homeland, my education and culture teach people that they must follow elders' advice, even if they make the wrong decision, but in America, they could talk equally and exchange ideas without much consideration for identity and to pick up the one decision that suits them best.With collectivism and individualism in China, people always consider others more than themselves. Before Chinese people cake decisions, they always consider what they can do to satisfy others. In America, people consider themselves more than others. American people prefer to consider what they can do to get the most profit for themselves. Considering freedom of speech, as I said, Chinese people always consider others more, so before they speak, they always think about how should they express themselves to avoid to hurt others. In America, people can express themselves freely.They don't need to consider whether this conversation is suitable or not. So diversity would be a challenge for raining international workers. Secon dly, language is another challenge due to the rising trend of globalization, international companies are more likely to hire workers from developing countries. This results in the difficulties of communication. People need to communicate with others that they can express their idea and exchange them. Sometimes they can combine them to think out a better idea. Also when they communicate, they should notice the way to speak, because most conflicts are caused by lack of communication.The world today is not only globalizes in terms of companies and products, but errors as well, and with that, comes difficulty for managers to see eye-to-eye with their workers when training them. With the vast differences of cultures and levels of education, overseas workers could bring new ideas to the table, or, it could adversely slow development and production for companies. Entirely dependent on the type of industry, an international worker might not be able to comprehend the culture of another count ry that can make or break a product's appeal to the consumers.Creativity and Ability are two entirely different attributes that a worker can have, and it's up to their educational background to determine which will take precedence and will be their strength or weakness. The easiest way to show these differentiation in skill assets is the influences of the American and Chinese education systems on their students. Boiled down, Ghana Ruffian, a Chinese student studying in the U. S. Says â€Å"Back in China I learned about gravity from a Powering slide†¦ That's it. † (2013).China's Education system is less about application and firsthand experience, and more about data and memorization of formulas. Tests and exams replace lab experiments, and codebooks replace classroom discussions. In Mining, director of the Shanghai Education Commission's basic education department, stated at an education convening in Shanghai, â€Å"When American high school students are discussing the l atest models of airplanes, satellites and submarines, China's smartest students are buried in homework and examination papers,†¦ † (2012).In explicitly states the stark difference between American and Chinese education, which to the very educators themselves, know is a problem. In the United States, we imagine high school and university science classrooms as avian 2 or 3 person shared desks, with lab equipment scattering the classroom, from beakers, to Bunsen burners, and even having dissecting tables in a stack in the back of the room. In China the same classroom would have individual desks, and the most colorful object in the room might be a AD molecular model made of toothpicks and colored cotton balls.A student's education is not dependent on the school's department's ideas of what should be taught, but what is tested in the infamous GAO college entrance test. If it is not in the entrance exam, it is not needed in the lassoers, and since lab experiments are not tested , schools in China will not spend money on lab equipment. â€Å"On a 2009 standardized test that drew worldwide attention, students in Shanghai finished first in the sciences among peers from more than 70 countries, while the United States came in 23rd†¦ † (Levin, 2013).Chinese censorship and limitations inversely affect the country's ability to be creative and increasing individual freedom of expression seems to be near impossible. Without political and social restraints, China could slip below that 1st place mark, but in the end, is being #1 truly the best? Having not produced any Nobel Prize winners in the past, is being number one truly the best thing? Without having students think outside the box, China will surely plateau in terms of science and innovation. If a Chinese graduate comes to the U.S. And works for a tech company that relies on innovation and engineering, the manager would find that despite the Chinese worker's high test scores, asking him to come up wi th a new idea would simply be too much. China must foster innovation before it can truly call itself a world leader in technology and science. Chinese students can complete the most difficult math equations ever deemed possible a million times over, but if they cannot simply find new ideas and create new things, then China will go nowhere. Most students in the U. S. Therapeutically think of Chinese students as walking, talking calculators†¦ And sadly they are not far from the truth. Ghana Ruffian's mother explains her reasons for sending her son to high school abroad as â€Å"l didn't want my son to become a book-cramming robot,† (2013) But even with the issue of innovation in Chinese education, why then, are Chinese workers sought after in the Job market? If Chinese workers can't innovate, their next best attribute, thanks to the Chinese education system, is their efficiency and dedication to getting the answer as soon as possible and with as few mistakes as possible.To Chinese workers, the answer is the priority, and the question is Just an obstacle. In America, where questions are encouraged, living here can make a lot of workers become overwhelmed by how many flaws their American counterparts make. So who is truly behind? American workers in China are equally sought after, with the rowing western culture in China and other Asian countries, as such, Americans are just as easily wanted as Chinese workers are in America for their ability to be creative and innovative.Another aspect in the training of international workers that could make or break any good manager-worker relationship that is more far-reaching than culture, but more impacting, is the different in religion. To the business world, profit and production take control of business culture, and a company's workers are expected to understand this. For example, all workers in a company are required to show up for ark, wear clothes according to a dress code, or even come to work on specific d ays.This is extremely touchy in the event that a new international worker might be hired. When considering other cultures, it also requires the consideration of the culture's religion, or else there would be drastic deficiency in training the workers, and you could also inadvertently offend his religion. If a manager is not well educated in world cultures, most workers will overlook this and understand their misconceptions, however it seems that in this day and age, if a manager does not understand elisions beliefs, it tends to be more offensive.If a manager has a new international worker come work on Saturdays, when it is expected that he should know his new worker practices his recognized religion on Saturdays, it could cause some cultural or even legal issues with the company policy. † Overall, the incidence of workplace conflicts and discrimination over religion seems to be a fairly significant issue, (Gibson 2013) Thanks to globalization and business culture becoming more international, cultures can mix easily without too much hesitation, but to say that without talking bout education backgrounds is something to be argued.Is it Chinese culture to study the way they do now? Or will the culture change as soon as the demand for innovation becomes more prevalent in the future? With workplace diversity comes intermixing of ideas, but in the case of western development, it seems that the need for Chinese workers is not strictly for exchanging of ideas, but to increase workplace efficiency and accuracy. If China becomes more open to innovation and creativity, would Chinese workers be less sought after? Reference Bennett, R. (n. D). Difference Between American & Chinese Culture. How.

State of Texas economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State of Texas economic - Essay Example Governor Perry regards the focus on these industries as a significant economic strategy (texaswideopenforbusiness). They key industries are advanced technology and manufacturing; aerospace, aviation and defense, biotechnology and life science, information and computer technology; petroleum refining and chemical products; and energy (texaswideopenforbusiness). Economies suffer considerably at the hands of, lacking skilled force (Powell and Lindsay 2). World Bank declared that the factors leading to the high pace of economic growth and development of the ‘tiger economies’ is sustained productivity, technological investment, and human resource investment on continuous basis (Powell and Lindsay 2). Texas has a work force commission known as TWC. TWC is a commission for the employers and helps them in refining and upgrading the skills of their employees and work force (texaswideopenforbusiness). The programs that TWC employs are; skill development, apprenticeship, on job training and literacy education to help employees developing their skills better and further and increase their productivity (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas has an infrastructure that is considered business friendly. It provides and maintains up to the standard modern transportation facilities and logistical advantages (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas provides business support by providing state-of-the-art land, air and sea transportation means; such infrastructure lends support to businesses and allows them to access national and international markets in time (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas also has modern energy provision systems, like wind farms, nuclear power, and coal power, all contributing to the developing businesses and people of Texas

Kafka's 'The Trial' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kafka's 'The Trial' - Essay Example Elizabeth KÃ ¼bler-Ross (1969), the author of ‘On Death and Dying’, describes the emotional cycle through the stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. On the other hand, these ideas are tested in order to understand fully the way a man lived the last year of his life in a story called, ‘The Trial’. The stages KÃ ¼bler-Ross discussed are said to be a way to interpret the life of K. most especially during the time he was in the difficult stage of his life. As a Doctor, KÃ ¼bler-Ross makes a significant move on writing the book because it helps the patients and also her colleagues to comprehend with the cycle of emotional states of a person. Sometimes even Doctors are having difficulties admitting to themselves that a patient is dying and they just could not do something about it. But how effective these ideas can be to lighten up someone who is in the stage of depression? The cycle does not only pertain to a dying person, but also to a person who is in a bad situation such as hearing that a relative died, losing a career and other. Accordingly, it is fundamental to analyze KÃ ¼bler-Ross’ ideas and specifically apply to the story of ‘The Trial’. The novel is all about Josef K., a man who works in a bank as a senior clerk that was taken into custody by two agents. It was an unexpected arrest and the two agents did not discuss why K. was caught. He was then asked to wait for further instructions by the Committee of Affairs. Consequently, he was able to meet various people significant in his life and the case gets aggravated. It then changed his personality of being a confident man to an uneasy man just like the people he has met before (Kafka, 1984). Thus, the story depicts the life of K. and how he tried to cope up with a series of events that significantly defined his life before his death. The life of K. became vague in the story and reflects the

Christopher Columbus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christopher Columbus - Essay Example Some people held the proposition that Norse actually explored the northeastern North America and may be beyond that. Various documents from the Norroena collection support the view that the Norse reached the Georgia or South Carolina, though these views have often faced wide controversies all over. Recent beliefs and studies suggest that the first European to reach America was Leifur Eriksson who reached America as early as in the 11th Century. In spite of all this beliefs it is still widely believed that it was Christopher Columbus who discovered America in the year 1492 in his first voyage. Section B. 4. Puritans were a group of people who lived in the Churches of England and devoted their life’s towards religious, morals and the social views. They entered in America in order to escape the persecution from the leadership of the church. In the new world the puritans faced a wide range of problems. The biggest problem faced by them was that they faced persecution. Apart from t he persecution they faced shortage of food, hard living conditions. The puritans faced repeated life threats from the group of Indians and they were isolated, They did not received any sort of help from the civil society and lived their days in fear. They had to struggle with the nature also as they had to face harsh winters. Puritans wanted to maintain spirituality in every thing they do which was very difficult for the modern worked to accept. In an open environment, maintenance of such rituals was not possible and it was the problem they faced in America. Colonials view was abandoned in England and the idea was desolated because of the strictness and the rigidness mentioned. Section D The new American government faced an economic problem. The Federal Government faced a huge debt of $54 million. Foreign credit was unavailable and paper currency became useless. Alexander Hamilton was asked to look into this problem. The problem that Hamilton faced was a huge national debt. He asked the government to assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states. Certain states like Maryland, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Virginia, saw no logic as to why they should be taxed by the federal government to pay off the debts of other states like Massachusetts and South Carolina, especially when they had already paid off their own debts. Even then, Hamilton’s debt program was implemented, and it was a success. (Clark 2011, pp 233) Later, a political division started to take shape in the form of a conflict between Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton. Hamilton used the Bank of England as a role model for the Bank of United States. He favored a government by the rich, who would support the government and laid emphasis on commerce and industry. Jefferson on the other hand was a classical liberal. He believed in broad diffusion of wealth while Hamilton’s ideas concentrated wealth in the hands of few. Jefferson favored limited participation in the economy while Hamilton tried to put on heavy tariffs so that Americans could compete in the world market (Katz & Vencill; Hamiltons Fiscal Program). Hamilton’s idea of industrialization was opposed because it segregated from Jefferson’s conception of U.S. Jefferson saw it as a Utopian Agrarian society which would be ruined by industrialization. Hamilton

Syria and Israel Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12750 words

Syria and Israel - Dissertation Example It analysis certain key events during this period and brings to light the disparities in the interpretation of these events from Syria's point of view. The Brainchild behind the Syrian foreign policy behavior will be the charismatic President Hafiz al Asad who led the country from the 1970s up to the early 1990s. The paper further examine the period after President Hafiz al Asad in Syria during which power was handed to his son Bashar al Asad. The concentration here will be an interpretation of certain events like the disorder that resulted from the U.S. led invasion of Iraq and how the disorder created by this invasion has made it difficult to carry on with the peace process. Adding to these will be the recent developments in U.S.-Syria relations under President Bashar al Asad and how these development have been thwarting prospects to achieve peace in the Middle East Certain writers and politicians have made analysis in the Syrian Israel peace track and their analysis would also be of great importance to this study. According to Cobban (1991), the collapse of the communist bloc was a determinant reason for Syria's change of policy. He explains that because Syria had nobody to lean on she was forced to reshape her foreign policy to suit the demands of this new development in the Middle East and the World at large. This is important to this study because changes in world politics affected changes in Syrian policy towards peace with Israel. Hinnebusch (1991) holds that the reason why peace could not be achieved between Israel and Syria could be explained from the rigid nature of President Asad who stood firm to respect and uphold Arab principles. As a result he was never ready to accept Israeli demands especially if... The paper examine the period after President Hafiz al Asad in Syria during which power was handed to his son Bashar al Asad. The concentration here will be an interpretation of certain events like the disorder that resulted from the U.S. led invasion of Iraq and how the disorder created by this invasion has made it difficult to carry on with the peace process. Adding to these will be the recent developments in U.S.-Syria relations under President Bashar al Asad and how these development have been thwarting prospects to achieve peace in the Middle East. This report of the study entails a brief understanding of the theoretical framework that will guide the investigation in to the developments in the Syria Israel peace track. This specifically will be the realist or neo realist approach to the study of international politics. This is important to the study because it is this approach that runs through Syria’s positions during the peace process over the last seventeen years. Furthermore various U.S. decisions as the main negotiator in the peace process have been closely guided by the theory of realism. The approach of realism to international politics was born after the First World War. During this period it was widely held that other theories had failed, so it became necessary to seek for new theories that could give more meaning and understanding to international politics. According to this theory, human nature, character and the persistence of state power forms the basic foundation of international relations.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Project management - Essay Example Each project undertaken is unique in terms of its timeline, cost, objectives, roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders and participants, issues and constrains and this requires the use of the right approach or methodology. The main challenges of project management are satisfactory achievement of goals and objectives and overcoming all project constrains. These constrains include time, project scope and budget. There is also a challenge of integrating and allocating necessary inputs. This means that a successful completion of a project and the attainment of its goals and objectives requires the use of the right approach or methodology and the utilization of appropriate project management tools and techniques. According to Ireland (2006), project management techniques refers to the ways in which we communicate, gather information and get things done in the most effective and efficient ways. Project management tools are helpful in the efficient organization and management of a pro ject. Generally, the project management tools and techniques should have an overall effect of ensuring that the particular project does not over run and that it operates within its allocated budget. They are also important for the quick spotting of delays so that necessary steps are taken to rectify them (Ireland 2006). Wysocki (2007) defines project management methodology as a set of practices and processes that are repeatedly carried out throughout the project in order to deliver the expected outcomes. The chosen methodology gives a clear process of managing the undertaken project. After customizing to the project environment, the project methodology directs on what should be done, how, in what order and by when. A project methodology can therefore be used create a project roadmap, control change and scope, monitor quality, time and cost, manage staff and supplies, and minimize project risks and issues. Popular project management tools, techniques and methodology in market Project management tools The most popular project management tools in the market are Gantt chart, PERT chart, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Logic Network and Product Breakdown Structure (PBS). A Gantt chart is a chart that illustrates the schedule of a project. The chart tracks tasks across time hence it indicates the starting and finishing dates of the projects’ terminal elements (Wallace and Gantt 1922). Some Gantt charts are able to illustrate precedence network or dependency relationships between various project activities. Most importantly, it is possible to use a Gantt chart to show a projects current schedule status. This is done using a vertical TODAY line and percent-complete shadings. A Gantt chart is important in tool for showing resources, tasks, phases and milestones required as part of a project. The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart is a project management tool used for the analysis of all tasks involved in the completion of a particular project. This mainly includes identifying the time required to complete each project task and the total project. According to Malcolm et al (1959), a PERT chart gives a graphic representation of a project as a network diagram composed of numbered nodes linked by directional lines. The numbered codes represent project events or milestones while the directional lines represent proje

Employee Dissatisfaction in the Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Dissatisfaction in the Company - Essay Example An organization is also in need of the workers. They too realize that the employee who is working for them has a set of reasons to work. These reasons will defer from people to people. Each reason will determine the employee morale, motivation, and quality of life. Therefore, to create a positive impact and enhance expectations of their potential employees, organizations practice various exercises which include university drives, seminars, and creating assessment centers for the shortlisted students. Most organizations will achieve their objectives by the aforementioned exercises but that creates problems in the near future. Those expectations will be thrashed as the employee gets acquainted with the organization’s real culture. This is known as a breach of psychological contract. The term ‘psychological contract’ was initially used in the 1960s however; it gained popularity after the economic downturn in the early 1990s (Cranwell-Ward & Abbey, 2005). It has been defined as ‘perception of the two parties, the employee, and employer, of what their mutual responsibilities and obligations are towards each other.’ It encapsulates the expectations of both sides as to what each expects the employment contract to deliver. This contract is not formally written or signed but, they are formed by the unspoken act which has happened in the past, as well as from statements made by the employer (Petersitzke, 2009). They may be seen as ‘promises’ by some and ‘expectations’ by others. This is a high involvement mindset precisely for an employee. If these expectations are met, it will lead to an increased sense of happiness as well as the deliverance of real results. However, violation of the expectations will lead to feelings of betrayal, anger and wrongful harm arising from this realization. (Usman, Gary, & Filotheos, 2004) In our case, there has been a huge chunk of unmet expectations for the fresh graduates employed at the advertising agency. They went through a rigorous induction process which encompassed a 2-day assessment center along with a series of interviews and occasional visits to the client sites. Moreover, they met up with various senior staff members and interacted with them to gain knowledge about the organization’s culture. The lot of 225 about-to-be-qualified marketing and media graduates is reduced to 20 successful recruits. Sadly, the blooming picture of the advertising agency in the eyes of the employees was broken into pieces when the initial 6-months passed. They were engaged in trivial work which involved filling, answering telephone calls and doing emails. They were not given the opportunity to think creatively which was previously promised by the senior staff. There were no signs of training or development programs. On the whole, a breach of psychological contract took place. Employees were not motivated to work and a few of them started having days off. They felt that they have been cheated and deceived about the organization’s culture and values. This will eventually lead to high employee turnover.

The Insanity of Being Sane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Insanity of Being Sane - Essay Example Both of these writers shared the same experiences of being insane, cast out, and maltreated just to unveil and uncover the true situations inside the mental institutions in the nineteenth century and the present time. These two literary books are inspiring and reveal the continuity of how mental institutions have been dealing with the mental patients for centuries. Nellie Bly wrote â€Å"Ten Days in a Mad-house† somewhere in 1887. She was a newspaper reporter tasks to expose the brutality and neglect among the mental patient in the mental institutions. For ten days, Bly involuntarily committed to be lockup to the Blackwell’s Island insane asylum as she is saying that â€Å"My instructions were simply to go on with my work as soon as I felt that I was ready (Bly, N.)†. To be able to be admitted to the insane asylum, she had to check in a women’s boarding facility after which she acted irregularly. This instance ignited the whole plan for Bly to enter the fa cility (Time Staff, 2009). Just like Nellie Bly, Norah Vincent is also a journalist, a brave immersion journalist who lets her self-lockup in the insane facility for ten days. Both of the two writers immersed in an insane facility. However, Bly involuntarily accepted the task being drawn to her while Vincent was required to be confined at the asylum as the author narrated â€Å"On the advice of her psychologist she committed herself to a mental institution† (Vincent N. 2009). Moreover, after ten days, Vincent decided to get out of the asylum with the promised to her self not to get back again, as she said, â€Å"I got home a wreck, and swore that, no matter how bad I felt, I would never willingly go into such a place again, never†. (Vincent N, 2008). Bly was able to convince the authority of the asylum and be confined for ten days was well planned. Bly, at first, fabricated to be mildly insane and begin the whole process by convincing her roommates as well as the owner by standing the whole night at the wall, talking a lot to never seen people, and doing strange things. The things she does were found out to be sufficient to be in front of the judge and as expected, recommended to stay inside the asylum where she had manifested the arbitrary and the vindictive rules in the asylum (Bly N. (2009). On the Contrary, Vincent was able to enter the asylum because she was diagnosed to have a mental illness that started way back ten years ago. Vincent’s depression was developed to be a sickness until she had never any choice but to enter the asylum. Nevertheless, she battled her own problems and made it a way to discover and continue her pilgrim in writing and exposing what life she had gone through inside the asylum â€Å"As her treatment and her symptoms improve, Vincent warms up to the idea that â€Å"the bin† might not be all bad, and she softens in her critique† (Vincent, N. 2008). The way she helps her self in battling her misfor tunes have gone through the process of knowing her self, realizing where she was in, grasping the feelings about her situation, and how she can help her self to be out of the asylum, as Vincent states â€Å"I spent four lost, interminable days in lockup that first time in the bin, getting worse, weeping at the sealed windows, yelping for rescue through the pay phone in the soul-destroying dayroom.

Documents Necessary to Organize a Limited Liability in Ohio State Term Paper

Documents Necessary to Organize a Limited Liability in Ohio State - Term Paper Example Employer identification number (EIN) resembles the Social Security Number and is nine digits long. It is assigned by Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to be used by the LLC’s to track their tax returns. One is required to request for the EIN from IRS website, download, and print from SS-4. The form is supposed to have the signature of a representative of the LLC. Mail the completed SS-4 form the Internal Revenue Services headquarters in Ohio. One has to wait up to four weeks to get the assigned FEIN from IRS. The LLC can apply for federal tax ID for a fee through third parties or for free if applied directly (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014). LLC’s are required to apply for work permits from Ohio Secretary of State. These include local permits necessary to do business in Ohio special and professional licenses depending on the business. One has also to contact the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation as required by the state law. This only applies if the LLC has hired employees who are salaried and registration is through their website. "The Ohio Department of Job and Family Services" (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014) have also to be contacted so as to establish an unemployment compensation tax account. This account is opened with the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services through their website (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014). This certificate is a necessity for foreign LLC that want to establish in Ohio State. The certificate is a proof of the LLC’s existence as affirmed by the federal government. It is also a documented compliance with the federal regulation on how businesses are set up and ran in the coun try (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014).

Big Industries Essay Example for Free

Big Industries Essay Many things that happened in history had a major impact on the world, especially when the development of big industries came about. Such things as Go-Getters, people credited for bringing the country together, and railroads, which interconnected things, all helped begin the Industrial Revolution. It was started mainly in Western Europe- England. One of the greatest things established was the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, which made it easier to travel ocean to ocean from a month, to a week. The only problem was that there was no way to tell the exact time of departure and arrival. People counted on the sun, which was not most accurate. After a while, people relied on Philadelphia time, which still had its defaults. Shortly after, men were sent to go fix the problem, and in 1883, at noon, everyone set to Standard Time, (One of 4 time zones. ) This made it easier for people who used the train as transportation, to know the exact times of departure and arrival. Another development involved in railroad transportation was the invention of, Standard Gauge, created by George Stevenson. This was a gauge set at 4 feet, 8. 5 inches, that showed how far apart rails had to be from each other. By 1869, the Transcontinental Railroad was completed in standard gauge. The South changed over to it as well in 1886, and the entire nation used it. Later on, a Go-Getter named Rockefellar, made his fortune through oil. He organized companies into pools, where all prices were the same, and there was no competition. He made it so that there was no conspiracy, which was anything that involved different prices. He built a company, known as the Trustee, which controlled all the businesses. The first trust, was called Standard Oil. Two other Go-Getters were Morgan and Carnegie. Morgan was a rich organizer who bought all bankrupted companies, and Carnegie was poor, but made money in grain trading. Shortly after, he moved into the steel industry. In 1900, he made 25 million dollars in the steel business. Morgan offered to buy his steel business for 420-480 billion dollars, and soon after, he produced 60% of the countries steel. When rock oil came along, it changed the world. A man named Bissell opened a rock oil company in Western Pennsylvania. This company was used for medicinal purposes; it was not a moneymaker. He gave a Yale professor named Ben Sillimah, 500 dollars to figure out what to do with it. He figured out that if the oil was distilled, it could operate better than kerosene used as a lubricant. Their problem was getting oil, because it could only be found in lakes, so Bissell sent Edwin Drake to find another way to drill for oil. He stopped in Titusville, and found a man named Uncle Billy Smith to drill for him. It took him 3 months to get 70 feet below the surface. One day, he found oil, and it began the oil rush. Pennsylvania became an oil field. Rockefellar started his business in Cleveland, Ohio. He bought his first oil refinery in 1865. He went to a railroad company and said that he needed to transport barrels of oil, and if they did not help him with the expensive price to do so, he would go to another company to help him, and make them bankrupt. They agreed, and gave him a rebate. After that, he went to a little company and told them to sell their company to him, but they gave him practically nothing. Soon after, he built his own pipeline, where he manufactured oil lamps, and sold it to the Chinese. The oil industry grew and exploded when automobiles were invented. Between the years of 1860 and 1910, 23 million people immigrated from Europe. In 1860, the government passed a law, making a 10-hour workday for every worker, but no one went around enforcing it. People usually worked 12 hours. In 1868, an 8-hour workday law was passed, but it only applied to government work. Usually people got paid in piecework, which was that they would get paid for the amount of products they made. This was favorable for young people. Later on, a man named Fredrick Taylor developed Efficiency Work. In 1881, he examined the factories and everyones job, and put they into tasks. He put a time on each part of the task, which meant that they could not do as they pleased and everything was a on a time scale. There was also a product/craftsmen relationship. Workers were seen as machines. They worked in a strict environment. There was much noise, poor ventilation, and poor lighting. In 1882, there were up to 675 people killed a week. Woman also worked, but had poorer jobs, and poorer pay. They had simple task jobs, such as sewing. There was no room for advancement. In 1890, the U. S. conducted a census. 9% of the population owned 75% of the wealth. This caused resentment against workers. Cooperation instead of competition began in Europe in 1830. Karl Marx wrote a communist manifesto. Most people turned to trade unions. In 1837, a panic came about, and it was a year of depression. After the Civil War, unions came about more. They provided for members during hard times. In the 1860s and 1870s unions began to nationalize. In 1869, the Knights of Labor erupted. It organized many different groups, such as farmers, factory workers, office workers- skilled and unskilled, and African Americans. Many members believed in strikes, and won the strike against a railroad company, which boosted membership to over 700,000. It controlled money, votes, and fields of work. This was called the American Federation of Labor. A man named Samuel Gompers took people of one skill, and broke them down into specific areas. In 1892, he gained 250,000 members, but women and Africans were excluded. They felt that women took away bargaining power from the union. Employees working in a factory believed in collective bargaining, which instead of one person doing the same thing at a time to negotiate demands, one did everything for all. They tried to get closed shops, which was a place where you had to join the union to work there. Employers believed in forbidding meetings, and firing union organizers. They made workers promise to not join the unions, and refused to recognize union representatives. They thought that workers most powerful tool was a strike, which was a risk to ones entire life. In 1877, B O Railroad spread across the entire country, and demanded better working conditions and better pay. In 1892, the Homestead Strike was developed in Homestead, Pennsylvania. The Pinkertons were called upon to break up union strikes. The last of the great strikes was Pullmans Strike. Pullman was a train/car maker, who built for his workers. In 1894, he laid-off and cut wages, which made people very angry. His workers went to protest, so he fired 3 out of 5 of them. The strike spread throughout the country, so employers turned to the government and President Grover Cleveland for help. All laborers had to go back to work by the force of troops that had been sent. This started a trend so that whenever workers went on strike, owners could go to the federal government for help. A man named Thomas Edison, who started out in a city to improve technology for the stock ticker, received a bonus of 40,000 dollars, and left to open a business in New Jersey. He invented many things, but his favorite of them all was the Phonograph. He invented the light bulb with the help of Lewis Latimer, and hooked up New York City buildings to a power plant. By 1890, power plants were everywhere. He came up with a direct current, that went only 1 mile, but a man named Westinghouse had made a current that was alternating, and was a transformer. By 1898, there were 3,000 power stations powering over 2 million light bulbs. The affects that it had on daily lives were the birth of appliances, such as the refrigerator, and jobs were created. The development of the Industrial Revolution changed many things, and helped a good portion of them. Americans lives were made easier, and the good that it brought out is still used today. Great accomplishments will continue to occur, and make history such as the big explosion of the development of big industries.

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibilities

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibilities Corporate Social Responsibilities as the culture of Foreign Investor There are many reasons that attribute and would attribute to the failure, some being corporate social responsibility concept being new in Tanzania whereby majority of corporate or organisational employees, management included and civilians have not thoroughly understood the gist of the concept. Only corporate or companies that mostly implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) are foreign-oriented who bought shares in the companies through privatisation of the public sector and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which support each other in facilitating sale, acquisition, take overs and monopoly of business depending on techniques and tactics applied or that would be executed to accomplish investors or shareholders, board of directors, management of an organisation, mission, objectives and goals. Organisational operating philosophy and work culture could either substantiate sustainably or fail completely. Relationship marketing which is a process of creating, maintaining , and enhancing strong, value -laden relationship with customers and other stakeholders. So far, transaction marketing is part of the larger idea of relationship marketing. Beyond creating short-term transactions, marketers need to build long -term relationship with valued customer, distributors, dealers, and suppliers. They build strong economic and social ties by promising and consistently delivering high -quality products, good service, and fair prices. Increasingly, marketing is shifting from trying to maximize the profit on each individual transaction to building mutually beneficial relationships with consumers and other parties. Marketing Network Infact, ultimately, a company wants to build a unique company asset called marketing network. A marketing network consists of the company and all its supporting stakeholders, such as customer, employees, supplier, distributors, retailers, advertising agencies, mass media and others with whom it has build mutually profitable business relationship. Increasingly, competition is not between companies but rather between whole networks, with the prize going to the company that has build the better network. The operating principle is simple. Build a good network of relationship with key stakeholders, and profit will follow. Further, competitors reactions flow a set of reaction policy or a flesh analysis of each situation.  [1]  Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants that customer can obtain a desired object. Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return. Thus, exchange allows a society to produce much more that it would with any other system.  [2]   Not all transactions involve physical direct money. In the broadest sense, the marketing tries to bring about a response to some offer. The response may be more than simply buying or trading goods and service. Marketing consists of actions taken to obtain a desired response from a target audience to some product, service, idea, or other object. Nevertheless, customer satisfactions depend on a products perceived, performance in delivering value relative to buyers expectations. If the products performance falls short of customers expectations, the buyer is dissatisfied and risk of losing him or her money also arise, threatening business investment potentiality and well being. If performance wins expectations, the buyer is satisfied. If performance exceeds expectations, the buyer is delighted. This is why corporate social responsibility going together with Marketing and the Events and Promotion activities in many organisation. Their duties are kind of the same mainly to build the brand awareness and build reputation in a given situation. Outstanding marketing companies go out of their way to keep their customer satisfied. Satisfied customers buy again, and they tell others about their good experiences with the product. The key is to match customer expectations with company performance. Smart companies aim to delight customers by promising only what they can deliver.  [3]   Marketing and Industrial Activities Marketing as a link between societys needs and its industrial activities, is also a function that adjusts the organisations offering to the ever- changing needs of the market place. It is an external sensor of the organisation that provides its adaptations and growth. Problems, such as high and persistent worldwide inflation, material and energy shortages, economic stagnation, consumerism, environmentalism, increased government regulation, changing consumer life styles, and under marked public sector needs. Marketers have to find solutions to these problems that reconcile corporate profitability, customer satisfaction, and social responsibility. Besides, problems are also opportunities. Still marketing plans, shape and interact with other corporate or organisation plans. However, societal marketing concept is among four alternative concepts under which business and other organisations can conduct their marketing concept, it is a management orientation aimed at generating customer satisfaction and long -run consumer and public welfare as the key to satisfying organisational goals and responsibilities. The underlying premises of societal marketing The main mission of the organisation is to create satisfied and healthy customers and to contribute to the quality of life. The organisation constantly searches for better products and services defined in terms of appeal and benefit to consumers. It is ready to promote benefits that are in consumers interest even if not in his or her mind. The organisation eschews those products that are not in the best interest of the customer. Consumers will sense and patronise those organisations that demonstrate concern for their satisfaction and welfare. Other alternative concepts under which business and other entities operate their marketing undertakings are product concept, selling concept and marketing concept which of late has been revised into or replaced by the human concept, the intelligent consumption concept and the ecological imperative concept.  [4]   Nonetheless, making a distinction between passive and active strategies is essential. Passive investment strategy regards market prices of products and services as fairly set, rather than attempting to beat the market by exploiting superior information or insight. In contrast, and active investment strategy attempts to achieve returns greater than those commensurate with the risk borne. The sustainability of relationship marketing through social responsibility could mainly depend on resource components strategically considered worth strategic action implementation to achieve and enhance competitive win-win advantage, vision, mission, objectives and goals in whatever culture of investment operations, strategy development and market place. The issue in question in not the merit of the agenda itself, but rather how and to what extent it relates to the development affairs in general. The impression that it only takes quantifiable objective to ensure sustainable development is a common as it is over blown and the idea that tripartite comprising government, business, community and general society or public, focus on long-term beneficial objectives to all parties despite profit difference that will accrue as net safely is justifiable. However, corporate social responsibility has been operative some decades ago in developed countries, likes one of the United States of America. In the case of Tanzania the concept is not much known by various native societies and general public. To mostly, Tanzanian, it is understood as a helping facility to the needy to easy certain difficulties facing some people at a particular area. In most cases, the CSR is extended by corporate mostly banks, mining sectors ,cellular (mobile) telephone service providers, breweries and soft drinks processors. Almost all the latter three industrials sector sponsor games and beauty pageantry. The sponsorship is almost publicity winning and advertisement. The corporate role and responsibilities to society are provided to the needy especially in the rural areas after much lobbying and sometimes, to secure the services unless a god father or good mother politician or senior government officer has been involved in the lobbing for various reasons, mostl y political to ensure his or her political ambitions in high government office or constituency are sustained and safe without such support the ambitious politician risk losing influence and political power and other hidden interest the person or group could have and whose easy channel to process successful would be through political channels. Corporation sake to win Political favours In other instances, the corporate themselves for the sake of winning political favours for their business undertaking they prefer to help disaster stricken areas such as flood and hunger hits constituencies and where school mostly primary school teaching and learning aids are insufficient, therefore, just to easen the problem would facilitate either some desks or text books depending on the learning institutes need sought for. Most of the societies that benefit even during tragic times are those whose native members have high office in government and political ruling party, else it cumbersome to secure it for various reasons, some of which could be corporate internal weakness to communicate policies to all levels of its employer from top management to the bottom, and from bottom to the top(top-bottom-bottom-up communication) else traits of nepotism and corruption could be existing within corporate lines of operations and functionalities. Such weaknesses are attributable to board of d irectors and senior management. Business ethics have to be considered and given due weight in all cases; however, difficult it could be in certain instances. Besides, ethics conflicts can arise when what might be best for company is wrong morally or professionally.  [5]   No law Binding CSR in Tanzania Another attribution to the ineffectiveness of corporate social responsibility in Tanzania, is the country having no law -binding or guiding on corporate social responsibility, however a bill has been prepared by the government of Tanzania for enacting a law on the matter. The Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania enacts the law while the President of the Republic either assents or not. If not assented, it doesnt become a law. Once assented it will be part of business law that governs the conducts of people and organisation engaged in business. So far, apart from what have been explained above, there are other many ways on how business and society interact. The majority of them are through direct sales and purchase of goods and services. On business law, major areas include antitrust, business organisation, bankruptcy, contracts, uniform commercial code, consumer protection, product liability, intellectual property, securities regulation, taxation, employment, real estate and insurance.  [6]   Social Investment Programmes by various Industries Corporate organisations are trying to support the society the do business with in different ways. Below are some of the organisations discussed in the case of Tanzania. In case of Stanbic Bank Tanzania, what they consider as a support to the community is only 1% of their post tax profit of the year. The rate of post -tax profit allocated to corporate social investment is fixed by the management. But what is this support for, they only building a class, supply of books, help in eradication of Malaria, and support orphanages.  [7]  The resources provide does not satisfy they need of the of the community as its only for the wishes of the bank and its only for a short time period and not long -term development of the community. The aim of the Stanbic Bank on other perspective is to gain brand awareness or brand equity building in the community. I can say this as regards to the profit gain by the bank while knowing that the money is coming from the Tanzanians who are doing transaction on daily basis. Also, I have not seen a bank going back to the society and keep supporting them after the first attempt. They normally go only once and later they go to another area without bother the previous development of the society. When these Corporate Bank doing social responsibilities support to the community, they call the media for them to be published on the newspapers and on the televisions station intentionally for publicity. I see directly their strategy is to marketing the company more than support the development of the community. However, other bank likes CRDB Bank Limited they introduce School Bus project for Primary School in the Dar es Salaam City. The project was launched by Mr. Mizengo Pinda- the Prime Minister of Republic of Tanzania, starting with five buses only. The project will be running by (UDA) Shirika la Usafiri Dar es Salaam for the students who are in need of transport to and from the school in the city.  [8]   This is fine I can see, but the issue is that, the bus need to have services and other maintenances now and then. Does the CRDB Bank aware of this concern for the future? Do they have a plan of 3-5 years maintenance expenses for the school buses? If yes, does the CRDB bank plan to increase the services to other areas as for now is only few routines considered. There is need of 50 buses to and from school for the student to cover the chaos they face on their daily transport said by the UDA General Manager, Mr Victor Milanzi at the launching ceremony held at Karimjee grounds in the city last year.The answer to the questions is not clear as most of the community project are their for the purpose of advertising the specific organisation and not having permanent programs for supporting the society as a whole. Authority should ensure sustainability of the project, effective and efficient management, and ways to increase the number of buses to carter for more students as each year enrolment has been increasing. Authority should bear in mind that, the most important factor for the student is to have a calm psychological state of mind for them to concentrate in their studies. The assurance of the transport to the student will reduce absenteeism, unwanted pregnancy for the girls hence better generation in the near future. As now we were having two types of generation, there are student who are coming from wealth family and be able to use school bus from their school famous knows as Academic School and those come from poor family who really face this chaos of transport to and from Government School. If this is not supported well, after 10year we will find the generation of Academic people having sophisticated life whiles those of Government struggling to survive in the society. Professionalism will become an issue as in Tanzania majority of the people are living under one dollar per day which does not support their daily life. This will even disturb the investment as their will be few human resource to be employed in a certain career. Cellular (mobile) telephone service providers are now engaged in community development and sponsorships. In Tanzania we have more than five company operators in this industry, to mention we have Airtel Tanzania, Vodacom Tanzania, Tigo, Zantel, Benson, Sasatel and TTCL (Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited). Here I can talk of Vodacom Tanzanias the leading cellular network where they sponsor Tanzania Premium League Soccer. But still the players complain on the quality of the items provided to them by other sponsors. One of the team leader was comparing jerseys from Vodacom Tanzania and other sporsors in the forum at Channel 5 Television Station recently.  [9]  He gives bigup to Vodacom Tanzania for the standard of their jerseys. Vodacom Tanzania has been supplying team participating in the league with playing shoes, balls and jerseys labelled with their brand name for the publicity. Though Vodacom Tanzania jerseys are not of high quality but he mention at least are best than others. Vodacom Tanzania also engaged in beauty sector by sponsoring Miss Tanzania Beauty Pageant in each year.  [10]  Vodacom Tanzania sponsoring help contestants to get the opportunity to be known and make easy for them to get employment in different area like business promotion, public relations, customer care officer and advertising business. Again, this is excellent for the young generation once they get the opportunity to represent our nation in other country during the final competition worldwide and gain exposure. The question is after the first year of contract with Vodacom Tanzania been finished, Vodacom contract is not going to be renewed. As most of them are not famous any more and its not known what they up to. This means that, Vodacom Tanzania does not intension support the carrier development of the beauty but only to keep the community aware that they do sponsorship and build their good name. We have seen that Vodacom Tanzania support education sector especially in the poorest community in our country. I was asking if that support is measurable as they only build one to three classes in one area. Then that is called sponsorship and calling media to take new for the public to know their effort. This is laying peoples mind as it does not fulfil the needs of specific demand. Airtel also engaging in local community in which they operate, education is one of the organisation key pillars of the Airtel brand. Moreover, Airtel strive to reach and uplift the underprivileged in the community in which they operate through education. By consulting the Ministry of Education, Airtel provides uniforms, text books, furniture, teaching and learning aids focus in primary school.  [11]  Doing marketing is so expensive, it also take time to get people attention on advert whether in the radio, television station or in the newspaper. So the easiest way is to support the community they do business with and then customer will pay attention on what as been offered by the company meanwhile the company advertise it products or service they provide. That why in every activity that Airtel participate they put their brand name on it. Fun enough they even paint walls with their brand name to create awareness. So whatever they offer/ support it has to be with their log for publi city. The case of Morogoro floods disaster of 2010, 2000 homes in Kilosa were engulfed by the rising water and more than half were destroyed completely.  [12]  Camps have been established across the region to secure safe ground for the displaced families. Damage of infrastructure has been immense, roads and bridge have been swept away, and parts of the railway line left impassable slow down the region transportation system. Still that community are suffering because the support was on short bases and not for the future life of that society. But we have seen corporate organisation support has been sent in the areas for their daily life and now no one was responsible to know the future of the affected area for 3-5 years to come. Thats why people are still suffering because the get bread and water for their hunger and not able to start their life again and remain beggars from the society. I have seen Airtel previous knows as Zain Tanzania support the victims of hunger as flood have swept acres of crops in the region. The biggest problem is shelter where corporate organisation should join hand to support those families affected by the floods. Mining Sector also support community development and do sponsorship in Tanzania society. Tanzania has been rich in mining sector in various region. We are having gold mining in Bulyanhulu, North Mara, Tulawaka, Buzwagi Goldmine, Golden Price, Behemba Godmine, Geita Goldmine( the largest gold mine in the country) and others. Diamond mining in Mwadui/ Williamson/ Peter-Diamond and El Hillal Diamond. By 2008, Tanzania had become Africas third -largest exporter of gold; accounting for as much as 44% of the countrys of exports.  [13]  . An export drop to 50 tonnes in 2009 now places Tanzania at the fourth position after South Africa, Ghana and Mali. Mining sector provide 3% royalty base on the net instead of gross revenue of mining companies. This means that the government only receive revenue from royalties after subtracting cost on transportation and processing instead of subtracting from the amount that the minerals are sold for in the market. Considering the mining sector development in the country and the way they use to do corporate social responsibilities in the society is very awkward. They get millions of money from the gold sector from our land and left us with empty hand and holes in our mother land. The case of Barrick Gold Corporation engaged on their alleged poor treatment of local employees. Moreover, in 2009 at the companys North Mara gold mine heavy metals and toxic chemicals were reportedly leaked into the river Thigite. The incident has since become a bone of contention and source of conflict between locals and the mining business. The previous two paragraphs show how much the mining sector does not consider the society they do operation with. Mining sector are excluded from corporate tax when they operating for some year, some its about 50years. So they do what is called corporate social responsibility as covering to make the society calm. But still the support does not satisfy the utility of the community comparing to the profit they earned from the business. Kilimanjaro Premium Lager do sponsor Yanga and Simba , the nations biggest and best known football clubs that have been historic arch-rivals in Tanzania. Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL) they value sports as they lifted the spirits of every true fan of football in the country. The company believe that by doing the sponsorship of these two teams will primarily be an experience about gaining a share of heart in the society. TBl hopes by doing corporate social responsibility help to build and sustaining the two teams by provide kits for teams, match gear, casual and training. On top of this, if you look on other perspective TBL uses their resource to support the two teams to build the brand loyalty. TBL Marketing Director and the Events and Promotion Manager are the one who dealing with social responsibility but deep you can figure out its only marketing and brand awareness. If you compare the figure in the income statement and the expenses they incur on supporting the teams are of so minimal.  [14]  Kilimanjaro Premium Lager also sponsors Tanzania Music Award in each year where by the participant and the winner receive award for TBL. The event was Live in the TBC1 where individual from different part of the world can watch it, and there is when TBL get p ublicity. CSR support to Society is only a Publicity of the Business itself As mostly corporate social responsibility support to society through contributions has political affiliations, it does not mean producing solution to the needy society, such organisation could be focusing only on marketing myopia, sticking to existing wishes, desires and wants of the politicians in power while losing sights and meaning of the corporate social responsibility to the genuine needy people without enabling resources to overcome their ordeals or problems. Business scandals are to be avoided for the betterment and interest of corporate governance that refers both to the policies by which a company operate and the system of controls and oversight that enables the company to operate according to those corporate policies.  [15]   Operating according to corporate policies and total quality management (TQM) will also enable companies sustain substantially organisational success through effective planning and plan implementation to ensure product, service and brand are proactively incorporated with societal long-term interactions. Yet, any organisational plan has no values unless it is put into action, and production and service methods must be continuously improved. Single or occasional standard performance review and revision are to be discouraged and stay unacceptable organisation wise, so that also through corporate social responsibility, company business grows sustainably in good and bad times. The CSR can also help organisations get extraordinary results from ordinary people, depending on how parts of business could be accessed to various societies and societal culture, else corporate social responsibility in Tanzania wont succeed in sustaining substantial relationship marketing. Building a strong company brand identity in the public and societal marketing places to enforce and reinforce all corporate images and messages are essential to be constantly in place. Conclusion Its clear that corporate social responsibility is new to our culture. We learnt this from foreign investor who brought shares in our local companies. These investors once they invest in a certain activities they are excluded from corporate tax for 5year. Smart investor terminates the contract after five years and said they did not earn profit for the past year on their operations. While they are on operation they try to build their public relations, through direct contribution to society. That why you can find a certain organisation changes its business name after 4-5 year. There is no law guiding Corporate Social Responsibility currently. Government need to pass a law where by the President of Republic of Tanzania has to assent for the law to be practise by the corporate organisation. By having a law organisation will stop doing social responsibility as a marketing strategy to build the brand loyalty. Hence corporate organisation will extends the benefit of CSR and compensation to social, economic and environmental losses suffered by communities living within operation areas will be diminished. Orphan project, water supply and sanitation will not be a issue for the people around the organisation and even the one far from the company.

Concept Of Economic Base And Superstructure Sociology Essay

Concept Of Economic Base And Superstructure Sociology Essay In Marxist theory of history, existence of human life depends upon economic activity. This activity is determined by the combination of superstructure and substructure/base. The notion of Base-Superstructure is mainly concerned with the mode of production, forces of production, relations of production and social consciousness. It is situated on the scientific view that course of history socioeconomic formation can be predicted on the basis of material needs and conditions of a society. This scientific behavior of Marx economic theory distinguishes it from other theories. The object of this dichotomy is to explain the nature of economical production and human productive activity for survival. The distinction between them was initially stated in Part one of The German Ideology by Karl Marx and Engels in 1846. This economic theory of social system is so deterministic that limits and directs the human activity and ideology. In order to know the dialectical activity of superstructure and base, it is necessary to understand the disposition of base because of all human economic activity is founded on it. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979) states base as: The base of a society is the totality of the historically determined relations of production. Base is divided into two parts: forces of production and relations of production. Productive forces are characterized as those phenomena which influence the substructure or economical base. These phenomena are important for the stability of economic base and nature of base/substructure determines the superstructure. Thus both of these entities have dialectical character. This antagonistic relation between base and superstructure gives revolution an uplift. Individual becomes conscious when the other society fellows struggle frames the economic transformation with the corresponding changes in superstructure and base. So, changes in cultural institutions such as law, art, education, philosophy and religion correspond with the prior changes in the economic substructure. It is the ideology that designs changes in the behavior of workers. Conflicts in the productive forces and relations of production stimulate awareness in the owners of the laborers class. And due to this conflict a social transition results in a new form of society. Mode/Method of production quantitatively and qualitatively changes. In this developed form forces and relations of production fit precisely together unless working class becomes fully aware of the exploitation of their rights, laboring activity and extra working hours. Old superstructure collapses and transforms in relation to substructure making the antagonistic relationship between the employers and employee. The confrontation in the classes during the steadfast dialectical process in the history, arises the working class to take a stand against the ruling class, for example French Renaissance. Productive forces which have been changing technologically throughout the history. Beginning from the primitive communism to the present day era, handmade simple tools replaced by complicated machines. Modes of labor and skill also transformed. Man-power utilized in the mills instead of crops and fields from the first step of extracting crude material to the shaping and recycling, employers learned to manage the skillful and useful workers accordingly. This framed the society into different relations of production. Social formation is settled on how the forces and relations of production fit together. So every society has its own relations. More developed the society, more complex the relations are. Primitive society, concept of collective ownership prevailed. the concept of private property introduced class differences, class society into commanding masters and submissive slaves, In feudalism into feudal lords and serfs and in capitalism into bourgeoisie and proletariats. In all the se times producer has been used to produce capital goods which alienated him from his activity, production and surrounding. And the powerful gained control over the human laboring activity as well as the material goods. Though the dominant class is less in number than the dominated yet the money strengthens and legalize the authority of power-broker on police, media, law-abiding and other cultural institutions. This outspread mastery now rules the thoughts and beliefs of the citizenry. These beliefs are set by the ruling class according to their interests. The material base is headed by the ideological superstructure. These ideas cover political, theological, economical, legal, educational sides to justify divisions of class. It is the duty of the subordinates to serve the superior class though the workers are waged for their struggles. In order to legitimize their rule, they must seem as saviors who possess best managerial capabilities, which necessitate their existence to refrain the society from chaos. Unconsciously, in the most cases, people adopt the servile attitude and work for authorities willingly. Religion, in the course of human history, has been a key factor in making agreeable mindset in favor of the political parties, for example, geocentricism could not be criticized in the 17th century because of the church priests. Marx says religion as opiate of the class that dulls the mind. From early childhood schooling to the university level, this consistent indoctrination is tutored. This Engels called as false consciousness. The working class accepts the ideas as is, remains unaware of its interests thus suffers from alienation and exploitation. Conclusion They correlate when the productive activity is in interaction with needs. This means the mutual relations between the quantity and quality of the production. For example, in the industrial society, a huge man power working in the fields is replaced by the machines. Harvesters and tractors supersede the farmers. It made many skilful persons out-of-work. Their old knowledge does not correspond with the new technology. Quality of labor activity reduced and quantity of production increased. Now more food with better nutrition can be produced in lesser time. Skills of earlier stage of society do not coincide in their characteristics with skills of later stage. Society is administered by laws not based on laws. Its base is economy. People work and earn to live. Their interests and skills determine their choice of occupation. A single person cannot live without a society. He/she is an integral part of society, its norms, culture and attitude. People live together because it fulfils their needs too. Thus, livelihood is the key factor of social formation. Law, politics, norms, and others are second prior to economy. These are tied in by the material needs and prevailing productive techniques. This makes the whole mode of production. And consequently, change in the productive activity will precede an ideological change. Thus; this change in productive activity needs formulation of new laws or changes in prevalent legal commands of society to improve the status of life and agree with its requirements (cloth, food, dwellings). This is the classical example showing that superstructure reacts upon the change in the base. Intellectual ability, judgment, ideals and high level of cognition distinguishes humans form other beings in the nature. Their faculty of reason helps them to be habituated with the surrounding. They do not migrate to other lands just because of the intense weather or other usual changes in the environment as most birds do. Instead, they generate their ways of sustenance. Unlike animals, they develop their living standards. A human society is not just a mass of walking-talking bodies. They also have minds to think and evaluate with. Though they are combined in groups with common interests, it is natural that they develop a common understanding. Thinking is a subjective activity conditioned with biases and prior education. Being a part of a society, individuals think on different grounds. Every man is unique in his nature and builds his philosophy of life as he sees it. This philosophy is detrimental if imposed on others forcefully. Like elders in families, every society needs a body of leadership capable enough to maintain law and order. This part of society is called superstructure in historical materialism. Economic base is capped with the ideological superstructure. Forces of production regulate social relations of production not the other way around. These forces are

Female Performers in Country Music Essay -- Women Gender Papers

Female Performers in Country Music During the early twentieth century, southern music began to be known by a somewhat more precise and diverse set of classificatory designations such as "country," "blues," and "jazz," Through the phenomenal development of the radio and recording technology, the music of the south rapidly became known throughout the nation. The contributions of early performers such as the great Jimmie Rodgers, Vernon Dalhart, Bob Wills, Milton Browne, the singing cowboys and many others are well documented. But where are the female musicians during the early development of country music, specifically during the 1920s and 1930s? In the "blues" field, the names of the legendary Billie Holiday, Bessie Smith, Mamie Smith and Ma Rainey are well known along with male performers such as Blind Lemon Jefferson, "Peg Leg Howell," and many others. In the opera, women had long held important places in the music and the same may be said of vaudeville. In earlier country music, female performers were much less prom inent and their roles more muted. Furthermore, until recently, there has been a woeful lack of scholarly attention to the early roles of women in the formation of the music in its modern commercial form. A part of the problem lies in the fact that recorded country music from the pre-1940 period is difficult to find, but it is also likely that women performers were far less numerous during this period. Coltman (1978:161) reports of that of the 377 pieces of recorded country music from the period 1922-1931 he had heard, only 12 (3%) were female soloists or all female groups, only 5% of the records were male groups who would feature a female soloist, and only about 5% were known to feature women as instrumentalists.... ...liche, "You've come a long way, baby." 1Jill McWhorter is a 1990 graduate of Middle Tennessee State University and is currently a reporter and staff writer for the Review Appeal in Franklin, Tennessee. 2There is some evidence that Billie Maxwell, "The Cow Girl Singer," may have been the first to record in this genre. (Cf Coltman, 1978:164). 3In the Summer of 1990, Patsy visited Murfreesboro and appeared as a surprise guest in my Elderhostel class on country music. She delighted us with a rendition of "I Wanna Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart" and graciously consented to an interview. Some of the material in this section is drawn from that interview. BSA 4Female performers are only beginning to compete in the songwriting arena and lag woefully behind in the music publishing business. They have made great strides, however, in the area of artist management.

How Does Arthur Miller Expect :: essays research papers

Question: “And so I mourn him-I admit it-with a certain…alarm'; How does Arthur Miller expect us to react to the death of Eddie Carbone? In your opinion, does he succeed? Eddie Carbone, the family guy, not wanting any trouble, just wanting his niece, in more ways than one. Eddie was a family man, he kept his home nice and he looked after all his family and friends, there was a great respect for him and he was loved by many. Even the people against him, had to love him. He was popular among his friends and colleagues and he was sociable, going bowling with his friends is what his spare time was devoted to, that and his family. Eddie’s view of his family was loving, he tried to give them everything, and he tried to hold them together, he was the glue that made them stick together when trouble came. There was only one thing that could dissolve the, the arrival of the two brothers. - When Eddie dies, the audience is expected to feel sympathetic and upset for the loss of the main character. Alfieri enhances this feeling with words, in his final speech. ‘I think I will love him more than all my sensible clients’ This makes me think that Eddie wasn’t stupid, and he wasn’t a fool, he was just oblivious to the fact that Catherine was going to grow up, to love others but him, he couldn’t understand why this had to happen. Alfieri has a great deal of respect for Eddie, like the other characters in the play. When Eddie is killed by Marco in a fit of rage, he lies, dying in Beatrice’s arms, only then, does he realize what he’s got, and that’s Beatrice. He shows this by saying; ‘My B.!’ These are Eddie’s last words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Act one, Alfieri shares his view of Red Hook. How it used to be a violent town, with lots of fights and deaths, but over the years it has got more pleasant. People look out for each other. ‘I no longer keep a pistol in my filing cabinet.’ Alfieri says this at the start of the play, he used to because he got violent clients, the one way to defend himself was to also have a weapon. But as the town got nicer and more people cared for each other, he found that he didn’t need it and he could trust the people who came to see him.

Film Essay - Cultural Turmoil in Francis Ford Coppola’s Movie, Apocalyp

Cultural Turmoil in Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now The era of the 1960’s was one of change, just like so many of the enduring songs say. With words like revolution and freedom being used to promote movements that changed our society forever. The most important being the Civil Rights movement, and arguably the most influential: the sexual revolution. While great new ideas and beliefs were starting to take root, morals and social constructs that had been established were endangered of being lost in the mix. The moral code that had endured for so long was suddenly overlooked, or overpowered by a generation that was not interesting in listening to the older, conventional generations. The pressure to find new ways of thinking made it hard to know what was right and what was wrong, to know which beliefs to hold on to and which ones to replace. Francis Ford Coppola’s â€Å"Apocalypse Now† reflects the cultural turmoil that developed in the 1960’s. Coppola uses the knowledge of a person who lived in that time to magnify musical, cultural icon, Coppola uses Willard to show the content of the film surpasses the content of the meaning. Captain Kilgore is the tyrannical irresponsible leader, and Lance is the youth who is a victim of his time. Coppola’s portrayal of the Vietnam War could be considered amplified by his artistic imagination. What sets the Vietnam War apart from previous war--the World Wars-- is that this was the first war that was televised. For the first time in history true to life visuals were broadcast into the homes of American civilians as the war was happening. The perspective of war changed forever. When Coppola set out to recreate the events in Vietnam in 1979, he did it with this knowledge th... ...lings, funneled through the immature emotional matrix of soldiers. This is more than just a movie, it's an exploration of the cultural ramifications that came during the 1960’s, in part because of the Vietnam War. Works Cited Brantlinger, Patrick. â€Å"Heart of Darkness: Anti-Imperialism, Racism, or Impressionism?†: Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. Boston: Bedford, 1996. Conrad, Joseph. â€Å"Heart of Darkness† Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. Boston: Bedford, 1996. Coppola, Francis Ford. â€Å"Apocalypse Now†. Omni Zoetrope Studios, 1979. Grieff, Louis K. â€Å"Soldier, Sailor, Surfer, Chef†: Conrad’s Ethics and the Margins of Apocalypse Now. Lit-Film-Quarterly. 20.3(1992): 188-98. Miller, J. Hillis. â€Å"Heart of Darkness Revisited.†: Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. Boston: Bedford, 1996.

Everybody Hates Chris

â€Å"Everybody Hates Chris† I have watched Everybody Hates Chris ever since I was 10 years old and I still find it to be the best comedic television show on Nick at Night. When you have Chris Rock as the narrator, how can you not laugh? This show is considered to be one of the best shows on TV for family’s and younger children. It normally plays at 9:00 pm every weekday on Nick at Night. You can sometimes catch it weekdays around noon on B. E. T. I like having the show on at this time because on school nights it gives me something to relax to and laugh at.I love everything about this show because it has a common aspect to each episode, has many genres, and the characters are fun and easy to relate to. The main character of the TV show is named is Chris and every episode revolves around him and his family. Chris is a normal child who has a sister, brother, mother and father. They live together in NY, where they spend their days working and going to school just like any other family. He is the oldest child, so he is in charge of taking care of his younger siblings Drew and Tonya.While Chris is at school, he is the only black kid in his class so he gets picked on and judged all the time. Him and his best friend, Greg, are what you would call the nerds or losers in the class. His sharpness and character helps Chris throughout the show but he will have to go through many obstacles, at home and in school, in order to grow up. In every episode the plot is that Chris, the oldest child in the family, must make certain decisions and act upon helping the people he is surrounded by. Each episode he is given a certain task or problem he has to solve.The best part of the show is that no matter what Chris does in the end someone hates him for what he did. For example, in one episode he has to make $100 to pay back his dad for buying tickets to a concert. He lied to his dad that he needed books for the new job, which comes back to haunt him. The first thing he d oes was find a job, which happened to be at a funeral home. But of course Chris didn’t read the agreement he signed and didn’t see that he does not get paid in cash. Instead they give him money for books to learn more about the funeral home process.Then the day the concert arrives the manager makes Chris stay until he finishes all his work. Chris was left sitting and carving the caskets until the next day which meant he didn’t make the concert. He was okay with this because he learned something new and had a fun time with the manager. Never the less in the end he goes to receive his pay check to pay-back his dad and realizes it isn’t cash! â€Å"What is this, I thought I was getting paid, not a gift certificate for books! † explained Chris. â€Å"You mean you didn’t use my money for books when I gave you that $100! Chris’s dad screamed. â€Å"Well Chris you still owe me $100 dollars and are in a lot of trouble. † You can start to see the trend because in the end his dad is upset with him and he can never make everyone happy. This is where the different genres come into play because you have this comedy TV show that also has suspense and humorous drama. Some scenes can also dramatic relief and heartfelt ones. Most of the heartfelt scenes come when Chris’s mother explains the situation to him and helps him solve his problems.An example would be where she sat him down to talk about why he shouldn’t have skipped school. This plays a huge role in the reoccurring theme of Everybody Hates Chris. Every episode you can one hundred percent count on having the same theme, where Chris is given a problem and must find a way to solve it. Then you will have his parents and siblings argue with him or one another. His mother can be very outspoken at times! While his father, on the other hand, is more conscious about their money and how it affects him. His siblings like to get him trouble a lot and they succ eed at doing this.After all the action happens Chris will usually have a break through and solve his problem. Then he thinks he has done a good job and got away with whatever he did wrong. When in the end, all of the viewer’s know someone always makes that solution turn around and have them hate Chris. This TV show does an excellent job of portraying a typical family back in the day where you have three children; and normally the father would work two jobs with the expenses being so high. It is a great stereotypical family that will make your own family laugh at the things they do.Viewers find it humorous because they can relate to the jokes and activities Chris’s family pulls during the TV show. I know that I have related the show to my own family multiple times. This is a great family show that will let you relax and give you a few laughs to relieve all that stress. If you love to be with your family and laughing at comedy TV shows, I would recommend this show becaus e I believe it is the best one out there. Compared to today’s shows, Everybody Hates Chris, sticks to the family appropriate level and will have your family laughing for hours at a time.

Buisiness Implication of Exchange Rates

BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS OF EXCHANGE-RATE CHANGES BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS OF EXCHANGE-RATE CHANGES Market Decisions On the marketing side, exchange rates can affect demand for a company’s products at home and abroad. A country such as Mexico may force down the value of its currency if its exports become too expensive owing to relatively high inflation. Even though inflation would cause the peso value of the Mexican products to rise, the devaluation means that it takes less foreign currency to buy the pesos, thus allowing the Mexican products to remain competitive.One interesting ramification of a peso depreciation is the impact of the cheaper Mexican goods on exporters from other countries. For example, the cheaper Mexican goods flooding the market in Argentina might take away market share from Italian exporters, thus affecting the Italian economy. A good example of the marketing impact of exchange rate changes is the problem that Japanese car manufacturers were having selling to t he United States in 1986 and 1987 due to the sharp rise in the value of the yen.As the dollar fell 47 percent against the yen in the 16 months ending in December 1986, Japanese car companies found that their cost advantage had disappeared, prices had to be increased, and profit margins had to be trimmed in order to remain competitive. In addition, Korean cars were making inroads due to the low costs and prices of Korean products. Thus a currency depreciation could result in foreign products becoming so expensive in a country like the United States that U. S. roducts soon would pick up market share from imports. The key is whether or not the percentage of devaluation exceeds the relative increase in inflation. In the case of Japan, the strengthening of the Japanese yen in the latter part of 1990 was advantageous to the Japanese in one sense—the cost of imports. Oil prices skyrocketed in late 1990 as Iraq invaded Kuwait, and oil is priced in dollars. Because the yen was rising against the dollar, the stronger yen offset the higher cost of oil.Production Decisions Production decisions also could be affected by an exchange-rate change. A manufacturer in a country with high wages and operating expenses might be tempted to locate production in a country such as Argentina (where the austral is rapidly losing value) because a foreign currency could buy lots of aus-trals, making the initial investment relatively cheap. Another reason for locating in a country such as Argentina is that goods manufactured there would be relatively cheap in world markets.However, a firm could accomplish the same purpose by going to any country whose currency is expected to remain weak in relation to that of the parent-country currency. The attractiveness of a weak-currency country must be balanced with the potential problems of investing there. Financial Decisions The final business area where exchange rates make a difference is in finance, The areas of finance that are most affect ed are the sourcing of financial re- sources, the remittance of funds across national borders, and the financial statements.There might be a temptation to borrow money where interest rates are lowest. However, we mentioned earlier that interest-rate differentials often are compensated for in the money markets through exchange-rate changes. In the area of financial flows, a parent company would want to convert local currency into the parent’s own currency when exchange rates are most favorable so that it can maximize its return. However, countries with weak currencies often have currency controls, making it difficult to manage the flow of funds optimally.Finally, exchange-rate changes also can influence the reporting of financial results. A simple example can illustrate the impact that exchange rates can have on income. If the Mexican subsidiary of a U. S. company earns 100 million pesos when the exchange rate is 200 pesos per dollar, the dollar equivalent of income is $500,00 0. If the peso depreciates to 300 pesos per dollar, the dollar equivalent of income falls to $333,333.The opposite would occur if the local currency appreciates against the parent currency. LOOKING TO THE FUTURE The international monetary system has undergone significant reform in the past two decades. As the historically planned economies undergo a transition to market economies, they will feel significant pressure on their exchange rates. High rates of inflation and weak demand for those currencies will lead to major devaluations—certainly a key factor affecting the Russian rouble in March and April of 1991.The European Monetary System should continue to strengthen, and national economic policies will be coordinated more closely as the Europeans move closer to a common currency. However, the weaker economies of some of the new entrants into the EC will continue to plague harmonization and the problems arising during the reunification of Germany will keep the German mark fro m soaring too high against the currencies of the other EC members. Some of the most interesting changes in currency values will take place in the â€Å"more flexible† category.Countries in the â€Å"adjusted according to a set of indicators† and â€Å"other managed floating† categories need to gain greater control over their economies in order to move to the â€Å"independently floating† category. Countries in the latter category are under constant pressure to control inflation and to keep from being tempted to intervene in the markets. Firms will face constant pressure to understand the factors influencing particular exchange rates and to adjust corporate strategy in anticipation of rate movements. Their job will only get easier if exchange rate volatility diminishes

Evidences and Reflections of an Artist

Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1610) was more than the greatest sculptor of the Baroque period. He was also an architect, painter, playwright, composer and theater designer. A brilliant wit and caricaturist, he wrote comedies and operas when not carving marbles as easily as clay. More than any other artist, with his public foundations, religious art, and designs for St. Peter’s, he left his mark on the face of Rome (Strickland and Boswell, 1992). â€Å"The Ecstasy of St. Theresa† and â€Å"Apollo and Daphne† are evidences of Bernini’s outstanding skills.Bernini’s marble sculpture, â€Å"The Ecstasy of St. Theresa†, represented the saint swooning on a cloud with an expression of mingled ecstasy and exhaustion on her face. Since the Counter Reformation Church stressed the value of its members reliving Christ’s passion, Bernini tried to induce an intense religious experience in worshipers (Strickland and Boswell, 1992). On the other hand, few works in the history of sculpture are more admired for the sheer skill of their carving than Bernini’s â€Å"Apollo and Daphne†.Bernini began the â€Å"Apollo and â€Å"Daphne† in 1622 and had largely completed it by 1624, the last year of his employment with Cardinal Scipione Borghese. The â€Å"Apollo and Daphne† has come to stand as the perfect antithesis to the modernist principle of â€Å"truth to materials†, the ultimate illustration of the artist defying his medium’s very nature (Sofaer, 2007). For both works, Bernini used all the resources of operatic stagecraft, creating a total artistic environment (Strickland and Boswell, 1992). Being able to observe Bernini’s extraordinary skills in art is a truly noteworthy and significant experience.Just watching his works through the video made me feel the ecstasy, the pursuit and the love contained within those works. Somehow, it makes me want to sculpt a masterpiece of my own, reflec ting my own skill and my own knowledge. Michaelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio’s (1571-1610) genius resided in his ability to overlay one principle upon another, to cross aesthetic boundaries seamlessly while seldom calling attention to the means by which he did so. Moreover, even when he was painting the human figure, Caravaggio was a still-life painter at heart.Caravaggio’s â€Å"Basket of Fruit† has been dated by modern scholars to the years 1593 to 1600, with most placing it closer to the end than the beginning of the first phase of his career. If indeed datable to the moment of his emergence as a public painter in the Contarelli Chapel, the little picture was not one of the realistic depictions of â€Å"flowers and fruit†. Coming at a critical juncture in his professional career, one can imagine the â€Å"Basket of Fruit† serving as a polemical expression of his ideas on the nature of creativity itself.In this work, he blended the lowly method of Ligozzi’s mimetic and didactic illustrations with higher-minded emulations of ancient literary and visual sources, prompted perhaps by his awareness of the current fashion for Northern still-life painting among collectors like Del Monte himself (Varriano, 2006). In the first Roman years, Caravaggio was isolated. He was rushed to hospital for a malaria attack, as witnessed in the famous self-portrait â€Å"Sick Bacchus† in the Galleria Borghese (Pomella, 2004). The â€Å"Sick Bacchus† is a meditation on the theme of â€Å"love’s sting†, that is, on the woes of love gone awry.During the Baroque, the awareness of point of view led, for the first time in Western history, to something which can be considered today as self-reflection, a self-consciousness of the human individual (Bal, 1999). Studying â€Å"The Incredulity of Saint Thomas’, also known as â€Å"Doubting Thomas†, it may come as no surprise to learn that Caravaggio failed to w in the commission to paint a resurrection for the Jesuits. By the time he had completed this painting, Caravaggio’s notion of a â€Å"religious† image had already worried Counter-Reformation churchmen.His reputation for painting in a style which has neither sacred, nor profane, but a hybrid of the two, had attracted uneasy commentary among potential ecclesiastical patrons. In this respect, the â€Å"Incredulity of St. Thomas† might almost be read as gauntlet thrown in the face of counter-reformation orthodoxy. This works is an evidence for Caravaggio’s decision to explore the central mystery of the Christian faith, the incarnation and the resurrection, with what might, tendentiously, be termed an almost Protestant literal-mindedness (Porter, 1997).To be able to understand the personality of Caravaggio through his works, as observed from the video, is an unforgettable occurrence for me. It had shown me that sometimes, there are certain things which artists have to do that defies the society and still, defines them as a whole individual or as a skilled artist. It also made me understand that most of the time, the paintings or artworks do not simply show particular sceneries or another model, but reflects the skills, personality and visions of the creator itself. References Bal, M. (1999). Quoting Caravaggio: Contemporary Art, Preposterous History.Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Pomella, A. (2004). Caravaggio: Art Courses. ATS Italia Editrice. Porter, R. (1997). Rewriting the Self: Histories from the Renaissance to the Present. New York: Routledge. Sofaer, J. (2007). Material Identities. Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Strickland, C. and J. Boswell. (1992). The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post-modern. Missouri: Andrews McMeel Publishing. Varriano, J. (2006). Caravaggio: The Art of Realism. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.