Essay on Rudyard Kiplings Kim - 781 Words

Rudyard Kiplings Kim I must say that Rudyard Kiplings Kim can be interpreted as a project that articulates the hegemonic relations between the colonizer and the colonized during British imperial rule in India. Kiplings novel explores how Kim embodies the absolute divisions between white and non white that existed in India and elsewhere at a time when the dominantly white Christian countries of Europe controlled approximately 85 percent of the worlds surface. For Kipling, who believed it was Indias destiny to be ruled by England, it was necessary to stress the superiority of the white man whose mission was to rule the dark and inferior races. Kipling effectively conveys this message about the white mans burden and the†¦show more content†¦This is what makes Kim so unique as Kipling’s British protagonist. Kim has the ability to identify and associate with virtually every inhabitant of India. For this reason, Kim is very special, and I believe will serve some  "greater† purpose as the novel ensues. Kim is so unique because during the era of Indian colonialism, the British immigrants’ belief was that only two societies inhabited India: white and non white. Kim however, had an intimate bicultural knowledge to communicate on both sides of the divide--the British colonial officials on one side and the Indians who had no direct dealing with their colonial rulers, on the other. Thus, Kim has the potential to serve as a vital link between two very different cultural worlds. Kipling wrote Kim at a time of rising Indian nationalism, a time when the relationship between the empire and colony had started to change, and when British rule was being overtly questioned. Hence, it is not surprising that we find Kipling exposing all aspects of British colonialism through Kim’s encounters with such a wide variety of people. From the beginning we see Kim learning about diverse Indian ways through his friendship with Mahbub Ali for whom he executed commissions by night on the crowded housetops, his travels with the holy Lama, and interaction with the natives during his travels. Mahbub Ali initiates Kim into the great gameShow MoreRelatedKim As A Presentation Of The Issue1511 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER-3: KIM AS A PRESENTATION OF THE ISSUE Kim is as unique in Kipling’s life and career as it is in English literature. It was first serialised in America, in McClure’s Magazine, December, 1900 to October 1901; in England, in Cassell’s Magazine, January to November 1901. Kipling’s works aimed at a broad base for an audience, both McClure’s and Cassell’s were known as late-century publications which incorporated techniques of the â€Å"new journalism† like muckraking, as well as sensationalism andRead MoreEssay on Biography of Rudyard Kipling1275 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Rudyard Kipling 1865 - Kipling is born in Bombay, India. 1871 - Kipling and his younger sister Alice are separated from their parents and sent to England to be educated. 1878 - Kipling enters public school in North Devon. 1882 - Kipling ends his formal education and returns to India to become a trainee journalist. 1886 - Publication of Departmental Ditties. Kipling begins to make a name for himself as a young writer of some repute. 1887Read MoreAn Analysis Of Rudyard Kipling s The Jungle Books 1275 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION In this paper, I compared the two different works of Rudyard Kipling with both the protagonists suffering from identity crisis by means of a close reading. In this study, I found out that both the novels have an autobiographical element of identity crisis. In the Jungle Books, Kipling confronts his young male audience with the reality of death and violence, in order to turn them into efficient rulers. The law of jungle plays an important role in this. The law of jungle was meantRead MoreRudyard Kipling s The Jungle Book1375 Words   |  6 Pagesjingoist (Kipling, RudyardNobel Prize Winners). Rudyard Kipling was a European man born in Bombay India in 1865. Kipling was born during an age of British Imperialism in India (McNamara and Kipling, Rudyard Hutchinson Encyclopedia). He himself was rumored to be an imperialist for Britain. Throughout his lifetime Kipling lived in Britain, India, and the United States of America (Kipling, Rudyard World Authors). He used his many experiences fro m these areas to shape his writings. Kipling was alsoRead MoreMy Boy Jack1406 Words   |  6 Pagesfound out that this is about Rudyard Kipling’s son was based on a real event, my reaction to the film were even more sharp. When the movie was finished and the credits started rolling, I sat quietly, pondering the fear of war and all the sacrifices that come with it. It is indeed breath taking. The cast of the film is very genuine. David Haig, whose face looked very familiar to me more than his name, really stood out. Not only does he look like the real Rudyard Kipling, but it is said that he spentRead More Rudyard Kiplings Kim Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesRudyard Kiplings Kim Kim gives a vivid picture of the complexities in India under British rule. It shows the life of the bazaar mystics, of the natives, of the British military. There is a great deal of action and movement, for Kiplings vast canvas painted in full detail. The dialogue in the novel makes use of Indian phrases translated by the author, they give the flavor of native speech in India. They are also touches of the native behavior and shrewdness. Setting: The time the novelRead MoreIdentity Crisis : A State Of Psychological Distress1321 Words   |  6 Pagescrises. In order to better understand the works of any writer, we must have a look at his past and discover inspiration or influences that may play a role in the shaping of their later work. The famous English poet, essayist and fiction writer Rudyard Kipling had a rather tumultuous past, so it is natural that one seeks clarification of his works in it. He was born in Bombay (Mumbai), India, where he lived the happiest days of his life, till the age of six amid the Indian culture which he learned fromRead MoreMasquerading Colonial Innocence in Rudyard Kiplings Kim2940 Words   |  12 PagesKim: Masquerading Colonial Innocence Introduction Rudyard Kipling was one of the most famous writers of his time, and his popular novel Kim, had first become published in 1901, has turned into one of his most infamous non-juvenile writing masterpieces. The novel happens during a time and place that is contemporary to the publication of the book; the location is set in India up under the reign of the British Empire. The main character is a boy of Irish descent who has been an orphan that has grownRead MoreConcept of Imperialism1392 Words   |  6 Pagesalways seen as positive for Westerners, but as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true? Rudyard Kiplings The White mans burden seems to be an ironic condemnation of imperialism. Whilst most Westerners of the viewed imperialism as a necessary fact and as a boon to the savages, Kipling was a pre-contemporary in more ways than one and saw the Whites as simply one more other race populating the world. The White man in his greed andRead More Kipling’s Notions of Race in Plain Tales from the Hills Essay example2162 Words   |  9 Pagesknown India as Kipling knew it nobody can teach you British India better than Rudyard Kipling There will always be plenty in Kipling that I will find difficult to forgive; but there is also enough truth in these stories to make them impossible to ignore. Salman Rushdie, Kipling, from Imaginary Homelands, London: Granta Books, 1991, 74-80. It may be discerned from the quotes displayed above that Rushdie, a writer not renowned for suffering fools gladly, accords Kipling some epistemological

The Workplace Is The Feeling For Many Workers - 1485 Words

Overworked and underpaid is the feeling for many workers, not only in the United States but globally. With the combination of global market growth and advanced technology, flexibility in the workplace is on the rise. Flexibility in the workplace will not only meet business needs, but it will also help individual needs. Flexibility is not the only change happening in the workplace, labor laws are also changing to help both employers and their employees. Depending on which side – management or labor – is interested, calls for labor law reform are frequent (Fossum, pg.90, 2015). In general, labor favors reforms that would improve opportunities to organize and speed the process by which employees decide whether to be represented and provide†¦show more content†¦This innovative approach can also be considered bargain collectively. Bargain collectively is the performance of the mutual obligations of the employer and representative of the employees to meet reasonable times and confer in good faith with respect to wages, hours, and terms and conditions of employment, or the negotiation of an agreement, or any question arising thereunder, and the execution of a written contract incorporating any agreement reached if requested by either party, but such obligation does not compel either party to agree to a proposal or require the making of a concession. This broad definition affects both the process and the issues. Barg aining issues can be divided into three legal categories: mandatory, permissive, and prohibited (Fossum, pg. 222, 2015). Bargaining issues in countries, such as France, are both broader and narrower. Because most countries do not have a collective bargaining law, bargaining issues or methods are unspecified. Thus, there are no distinctions between mandatory, permissive, or prohibited issues. Bargaining issues and outcomes differ from country to country depending on the economic policies of the government and the degree to which the country has central planning or income policies. Further, except in Sweden and France, there is

Standards and Ethics for Counseling-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Make a list of at least 5 issues or more needs that you and Juliette might choose to explore and clarify together, and explain the indicators of each of these issues 2.Explain which of these issues may require referral, and describe how you would go about making a referral in line with organisation requirements. 3.briefly outline at least three appropriate counselling techniques/skills that may assist you to address the issue. 4.What are the legal and/or ethical issues associated with working with Juliette? 5.Write a draft script in which you communicate to Juliette the details of therapies you would select to assist her. 6.Explain what might have gone wrong in this situation of Juliette. Answers: 1.The concerned case study is related with the first counselling session with Juliette and there are various issues that need to be clarified with Juliette in order to initiate the sessions in an effective manner. One of the issues has understood the reason why Juliette has been feeling on the edge even though she has a family of husband and a child. This has been indicated with the help of her withdrawn eyes and her soft spoken answers. The next issue has been she has come to the session without informing her husband. This issue needs to be clarified in order to understand that whether she has some issues with her husband. This can be understood when Juliette says that she has to leave from the session as her husband does not know that she has come for the session. The next issue that is in line has been the reason she avoids being with her friends as she feels that her friends have a perfect life. It is seen that she feels that she is not a perfect wife and a mother. It is even ess ential to understand the issue that why she is not working any more even though she has the age and the ability to work once again. This needs to be understood that whether she has any family pressure that restricts her to work. The final issue that needs to be clarified has been that what has been the main factor that has led her to such a depressing nature. 2.The issues that have been discussed needs serious attention and out of all these issues the depressing nature of Juliette and her loss in self confidence has been the main reason. Therefore, this issue requires referral with respect to medical issues so that expenses of the treatment can be attained. Claiming benefits can even be referred in order to gain financial benefits for her counselling sessions and for her sickness. In case of any legal difficulties due to any discovery of the family pressure which has led Juliette to behave in such a manner. 3.With respect to the issues that have been mentioned earlier in this paper, it is seen that three counselling techniques can be used in order to rectify the issues. It is seen that Cognitive behavioural therapy can be used as it is seen that this theory aids in psychosocial interventions, which are useful in improving the mental health of the client. This therapy helps in changing the cognitions like the attitudes and thoughts. This therapy would be useful for improving the mental stress that Juliette is going through. The next therapy that could be used for improving the lifestyle of Juliette can be Person-centred therapy. This therapy is used for improving and solving the personal relationship of the client. The case history reveals that Juliette has certain issues with her husband and therefore the implementation of this therapy would be fundamental for the development of the self-realization. The next therapy that can be included in for the counselling session of Juliette is Expressive therapy as this therapy promotes dignity of the human and can be fundamental for the treatment of the emotional, mental and physical disorders of client. This theory develops balance and harmony within the life of the patient and therefore can be used for treating Juliette and bringing her back to her normal life. 4.There are several legal and ethical issues that are related to working with Juliette and it is seen that maintaining relationships professional so that the issues that are faced by the client can be resolved in an effective manner. If personal relationships are maintained then it would lead to development of feelings and sentiments that would reduce the level of counselling restricting the proper treatment of the client. It is even essential to maintain professional responsibility and with the help of assessment, analysis and the interpretation of the issues that are having an impact on Juliette. There are other clients as well who are even treated simultaneously along with Juliette and therefore it is essential to look after every client equivalently and take steps to eliminate their psychological issues. In this case study, it is observed that Juliette has been attending the counselling session without her husbands knowledge and therefore, it is essential to keep a one of Juliett es guardian or spouse informed about her attending the sessions. In case Juliettes husband comes to know about this session he may file a suit against the counsellor and therefore, according to the laws of the government. The counsellor has to fill up a form with the client where they have to inform their spouse about the counselling sessions so that in case of any discrepancy, the counsellor would not be held liable for it. 5.This is a draft that has been constructed in order to inform Juliette about the therapies that she would be undergoing. Dear Juliette, After the conclusion of the first session, there are various issues that have been noticed that have effected your mental and physical state of mind. In order to rectify your present issues, it is essential to undertake various therapies in several sessions. You will be undergoing therapies like the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as this would improve the mental state of mind. Person-centred therapy would even be undertaken as it is helpful in developing self-confidence and self-realization that would improve your self-confidence and in a way bring out the actual self out of you. Expressive therapy will even be given be provided as it would improve your self-dignity and in a way would improve your mental disorders and issues that you are facing. The use of these therapies will improve your state of mind and in a way would let you live your normal lifestyle. 6.In this scenario, it is seen that Juliette has not been responding well when she is asked about her relationship with her husband. This has made her even more distressed and in order to improve this situation, it is important to change the topic of discussion with Juliette and create a cordial environment so that she feels relaxed. It has been observed that Juliette gets depressed when asked about her husband and therefore in order to gain knowledge about her husband, it is essential to divert her mind and talk about several topics and with the help of these discussions bring out information about the same indirectly. Therefore, obtaining answers in this manner would improve the therapy sessions and in a way would improve the state of mind of Juliette. Bibliography Bond, T., 2015.Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Cummings, C.L., Diefenbach, K.A. and Mercurio, M.R., 2014. Counselling variation among physicians regarding intestinal transplant for short bowel syndrome.Journal of medical ethics,40(10), pp.665-670. Loewenthal, D. and Samuels, A. eds., 2014.Relational psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and counselling: Appraisals and reappraisals. Routledge. McLeod, J., 2014.Doing research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Taylor, N., Fraser, H., Signal, T. and Prentice, K., 2014. Social work, animal-assisted therapies and ethical considerations: A programme example from Central Queensland, Australia.The British Journal of Social Work,46(1), pp.135-152. Tribe, R. and Morrissey, J. eds., 2015.Handbook of professional and ethical practice for psychologists, counsellors and psych

Graphic sexual and inflammatory political content free essay sample

The graphical images in a computer are made through a process of analysis of dots collected or picture elements. This is important since it helps in understanding of disciplines such as education, engineering, medicine, science and business related areas since natural objects are represented as if they are real. In computer graphics, images range in terms of technicality form simple images that usually two dimensional to complex images which are three dimensional. Animation enhances the user interaction because numerous images that are related are brought into visualization thus conveying more information. Flight stimulators, education, entertainment and scientific industries are among the areas where animation is applied. In the current world, images that are generated by computers are applicable on television, in surgical procedures, and in newspaper production. Computer graphics are also applicable in production of documentary videos, amongst many other areas (Ablameyko, 1997). The internet use as one of the major areas of graphic utilization has evoked a variety of ways through which people can communicate all over the world, across continents. We will write a custom essay sample on Graphic sexual and inflammatory political content or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Research surveys indicate that by the year 2001, over 407million people were online. The many benefits that are coupled to the worldwide include: chats, e-mailing, internet calls and messaging amongst other internet features. Recent studies on internet use show that majority of students have improved don their studies through the use of the internet. But the negative impacts of the internet that have been outlined outweigh the advantages of the internet use.   To many people, the internet has contributed to violence, speeches that are full of hatred, a high level of pornography use and piracy in various spheres. In schools, increased internet use has been associated with worst records in academic performance, staying out of classes, taking less hours in bed hence someone becomes tired most of the day hours; and loneliness. This study is based on the effects of graphical sexual and political content in universities and the public (Iinuma Chiyokura, 2008). Graphical sexual content This involves figures and images that depict the human anatomy, where a good example is the use of pornographically-made videos that are readily accessible over the internet; thus the discussion narrows down to the effects of pornography to the public and students in schools. Pornography is a Greek derivative which means â€Å"depictions of activities of whores†, through graphics; a statement that implies that pornography is intended for arousing the viewers sexually (Paul, 2006). Effects on adults There is a tendency of getting get hooked to pornography by the consumers. It looks like the stuff provides means of stimulating one sexually and usually in men it leads to masturbation. People continuously frequent cyber shops they can have more of the above mentioned in order to ‘quench their thirst’. Then it becomes hard for someone to forego such materials even though discouraging incidences such as rape, divorce and assault, arise as effects of pornography. It has been shown that men are most vulnerable to such material. In view of the fact that the stuff arouses sexual feelings, an addict through watching such gets empowered to go out and do the same; and when the sex drive hits him, usually he has no control over rape and it doesn’t matter even if he is having sex with a prostitute (Paul, 2006). Additionally, they tend to spend more money in order to access pornography. Therefore the addiction becomes the driving force in their lives. Eventually it reaches a point in life when the addicts prefer to watch the pornography rather than submit to their sexual partners- to the married couples, because of the drive of getting stimulated. Consequently such behaviors lead to divorce in most cases. Internet pornography has gone against the values that were taught before in books; that sex is private, a taboo, obscenity in certain matters relate to sex. Instead, sexual activity is nowadays perceived as common and is done by everybody; thereby driving everyone to do it even though before it was prohibited. Pornographic images usually are constituted of people displayed having sex with young children, rape, causing pain to their partners during sex and voyeurism. This automatically becomes the behavior of the consumers when they get addicted. Even if the law threatens against sexual offenses, such people go by their sexual desires. Pornography as a training manual The sex offenders use pornographic materials in obtaining their own deviation and to ease their way in getting hold of their targets particularly when they are children. Pedophiles, specifically, make true pornography by using children as the characters and such material serves the purpose of exchange, sale or they could be for their own use. During the process of making such films children are greatly abused and those children who get a chance of viewing such they experiment what they had seen (Slade, 2001). The overall effect of pornography on growing children is that it creates shame and guilt as they age and get to understand the reality about sexual abuse. Effects of pornography in marriages range from causing broken relationships, deception and ignorance; to causing addiction in college students to an extent that students fail to do their assignments and class work, hence poor performance. This a national problem that can be solved through enactment of federal obscenity laws, based on the fact that United States is the major producer of pornography at present. But the since the enforcement of these laws is not taking place, the porn that does not have children involved is unpoliced and is circulating at an alarming rate. Through filters young families can be discouraged from viewing porn, however, they do not guarantee a 100% protection. Then parents are advised to keep an eye on their young as they view internet and video contents. But again, this is a challenge, especially in monitoring older children. Laws are therefore needed to govern what content should be accessible to the public and college students. Libraries should put filters in their computers to deny to sites that are harmful to the nationals and learners. While some people argue that pornography does not an effect to the consumers, the researchers reason that the same way the Bible and the Koran have an outcome to the readers and so is pornography. Sex education Some people use sex education as a reason to justify the use of pornographic in training others about sexuality. However, the mode of training that the sex clinics use is balanced in terms of the prescription that they give to their patients. The films, books, videos and sexual pictures are carefully chosen in order to change a couple’s sexual behavior. Contrary to what the media provides in the computers; no age is described and people usually get the information for themselves even when they don’t need it (Irvine, 2004). Pornography creates a contradiction in what students learn in school by changing behavior and character by way of creating rapists and exposing females to assault. This is a form of sex education which is contrary to the education curriculum. The kind of human sexuality displayed in pornography lacks love, responsibility and relationship; and it fails to give precautions against irresponsible sexual behaviors. Additionally, the sexual practices portrayed in porn are unhealthy, such as group sex, abuse, bestiality amongst others.

Employee Performance in Management

Introduction The management of employee or the human resource is very instrument towards success in terms of performance. Proper management makes the employees be motivated and feel that they are working in a friendly environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Performance in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The performance management is affected by different factors that surround the employee. These range from social, economical and even work related reasons. The organization is supposed to reduce to the least attainable levels the factors that may affect an employee in order to realize the full potential of the same. A clichà © goes â€Å"a happy employee makes a happy boss†. The concept of performance management seeks to improve the general efficacy and the efficiency of human resource. An efficient and proper system of performance management can be used for several purposes. These include communication of the organization goals, gauging the performance of the organization as well as giving feedback as to how to improve the current existing performance. Performance management is defined as: â€Å"a process used for establishing a shared understanding of what is to be achieved, and the approach to managing and also developing people in such a manner which increases the probability that it shall be achieved in the desired short and long term† (Armstrong Baron 19). From the definition, it is self evident that performance management is a key process in any organization. It plays an important in determining how fast an organization will grow. It is also important to the employee as it makes him be aware of his strengths and development during his career.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is not a single process. Neither is it a technique. Itâ€⠄¢s a comprehensive set of process combined with philosophies that seek to determine the factors that can improve the performance of an employee and the way which these will be employed (Aslam 3). This means that performance management involves a deeper understanding of the employee and the factors surrounding his ability to perform a certain duty as well as coming up with a solution to remove these hindrances and develop an efficient employee. In order to ensure that the full potential of employee is achieved, step must be taken to ensure that performance is attained. The steps begin before the work is actually carried out and it continues even after the completion of the work. In pre planning, there are role setting and objective determination while in post work there is the employee appraisal (feedback) and the overall review of the employee performance. The steps involved generally include role definition, performance benchmarking, performance development and performance review. Role definition and Profiling The first step in performance management is understanding the role and niche that the organization seeks to fill. In understanding this, the company then goes ahead and profiles. Here the managers sit and define the purpose of the organization as well as the priority of each. It is also during this step that the managers shall set the objectives of the organization and the purposes that the same shall seek to fulfil. The managers also clearly define the roles of the organization in accordance with the core values of the organization. The role is normally on tandem with what the objectives of the organization are.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Performance in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is comprehensive enough to include the mission and vision of the group. These are important as they set an overview of how an employee shall be expected to carry out his duties during the tenure of his employment. They also provide a general idea of how an employee shall conduct himself during the performance. Setting the Performance benchmarks In setting the performance benchmarks, there is need to understand the objectives and the goals that the organization seeks to achieve. In this stage the managers shall sit down and define the organizational objectives as well as how these objectives shall be achieved. In order to measure performance, there should be benchmarks against which the performance shall be measured against. The managers shall also determine the suitable management model that shall be applicable to the organization. There are different forms of management. It is therefore upon the managers to carefully interrogate these models and come up with one that fits the nature of performance that is desired by the organization. Steps involved in performance management The first important step that the line managers take is to have a meeting a nd set the objectives as well as the strategies. Performance management shall be aimed at attaining a certain objective. The sales manager shall have the objective of ensuring that the sales in a particular business increase by at least twenty percent. The strategic planning manager shall give his target objective and the strategy to ensure that that particular objective is attained.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In setting the objectives, the managers are required to be realistic. The managers are supposed to take a REAL (Realistic, Efficient, Acceptable and Long lasting) approach. An unrealistic plan or objective is likely to stress the employees and consequently reduce the input of the same. Furthermore, having unrealistic goals can end up demoralizing the management as failure is likely to occur. The objectives themselves are supposed to be SMART (Aslam 6). SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time framed. These are the core considerations that an organization shall bear in mind when deciding on the objectives. The second step involves brainstorming and coming up with how to achieve the objectives set in step one. In this step, the managers have to consider the different roles each department plays and employ relevant and corresponding tactics that will work out. One of the methods that shall be employed is the use of self managed teams. The rationale be hind this is that the employees in such a group have a sense of independence and also have team work bonding. The self managed groups, unlike the directed groups, are normally innovative, take initiative and own the organization goals (Elmuti 235). The third step involves competence assessment. Here the managers shall be involved in matching the employees to the duties that correspond with their skills. Competency also means assessing whether the organization’s human resource has the required know-how people to carry out the means set in step to achieve the objectives set in the first step. Competence assessment shall ensure that no employee is given a duty which beyond his capability. Assigning an employee a duty that is beyond his capability imposes stress and pressure and consequently reduces the performance. After the competence assessment is complete then the managers can now embark on duty allocation. Incompetence assessment the manager should look at the holistic stren gths and weaknesses of an employee. They should also consider factors such as experience and leadership skill of the same. Any mistake made in the allocation of the duties to the employees shall extend and contribute towards the performance of such an employee. Proper allocation of duties is likely to deliver better performance. Also worthy of note is that poor allocation of duties leads to waste of talent on the part of the employee and poor delivery to the organization. Staffing is therefore very important in increasing employee performance. Execution is the next step. During execution of a plan, there is need for constant monitoring and evaluation of how the employees are fairing. This is important in order to make sure that any mistakes are immediately corrected before they go deep into affecting the whole plan. The monitoring should take place at all levels and should be both horizontal as well as vertical. There should be a proper communication channel during the execution. Th e channel should be both upwards and downwards. The upward communication channel allows the employees to communicate the challenges they are facing. It is axiomatic that these challenges have an impact on their final performance. Downward communication is important to let the employees know whether they are performing a good job or not. Communication has a bearing on the performance of an employee and it is also a great instrument for passing the goals and targets of the organization. Lastly there is the process of performance evaluation. It is during this process that performance rating and grading. While rating and grading performance it is important to bear in mind the benchmarks, objectives as well as the goals that the organization sought to achieve in the first place. Performance evaluation and rating is the basis for performance review. In order to do a proper review, you need to compare your current grading to your former grading. It is also during the performance review tha t an organization can trace and find out where or what influenced poor performance in a certain organization department. From here, the managers shall then communicate the feedback and performance appraisal to the employees. Feedback to the employees is good for two main purposes. Worthy of note is that in an organization there are three levels of goals. There are the employee’s individual goals, the team or group goals and finally the overall organization goals. Good management need to delve into what the employees’ individual goals are. In order to motivate the employees in achieving the target company goals there is a need to synchronize employee goals with the overall goals. Sometimes within a team, ones individual performance appraisal can have the impact of interfering with the intended group goals and targets. This is mainly through emphasizing the individual (Wiese Buckley 234). Dealing with underperformance It is axiomatic that individual performance differs from one employee to another. What is important is that all the employees give their best and at least manage to attain the minimum target. In order to motivate the underperforming employees the company shall offer rewards and promotions to the performing employees. This will serve as an enticing gesture towards working hard. It will also motivate the workers. There is a connection between performance at work and the social life of an employee. The organization shall allow the employees to have a social welfare group. This shall be in charge of advocating and promoting the social welfare of the employees. An employee who is socially relaxed performs better than one who is disturbed. Another way of dealing with underperforming employees is to try and develop them in terms of expertise and technical ability. This can be done through sponsoring them to formal education. This can be done through sending them to seminars or even providing them with loans (at a lower interest rate) to fur ther their education. Setting semi-autonomous work groups are also helpful in terms of improving employee’s capability. When in teams it is easier for an underperforming employee to learn from others. However, important to note is that this shall depend on the level of bonding between the members. It is thus important for an organization to ensure that there is enough bonding sessions so that the employees can acquaint themselves to each other. Also during boning session, an employee who is seen as underperforming can have the chance to showcase his strengths. These strengths can be useful in other departments. As a result his underperformance in one department shall lead to his transfer to a department in which he has strengths and thereby improving his performance. Employee development It is important that an employee develops and not just stagnate in terms of his expertise. Development is important as the employee increases his know-how in both technical and managerial abi lities. Development can be done through training in seminars, workshops as well as through experience gained in the work. The best way to encourage employee development is to offer rewards through promotion. Another means of employee development is rotational responsibility. In this scenario, the leadership position in a group does not permanently rest on one employee but rather revolves around after a certain period of time. Through this, all the employees will develop in terms leadership as well as technical skills. Apart from that they will also appreciate the challenges being faced by the leaders and therefore respond more supportively whenever a challenging situation emerge. Having an ongoing dialogue platform is also a very important means to ensure the development of an employee. It is through constant dialogue that the management can find out means and ways to increase the efficiency of an employee. Dialogue also facilitates a route to feed back to the employee on his perfor mance. With that communication, motivation is built and the employee’s overall performance is increased. Involvement of employees in Strategic planning Strategic planning is important in the development of an organization. Involvement of the employees encourages direct contribution towards the plan. The employees feel involved and end owning the plan and not feel as if the plan has been imposed on them. Involvement can be done at different levels. For instance, a department manager may have a strategic plan meeting with the employees working under him. He gets the views from these employees on how to improve the plan. The employees feel that they are involved and end up giving their best in order to achieve the goals set in the strategic plan. The achievement of a goal is easy when the goals are set by the employee themselves than when the goals have been imposed on them. It is suggested that by allowing the employees to chip in when setting the goals they also get the opport unity to raise the potential challenges that might affect what they are to do in order to achieve these goals. This makes the manager as well as the employees have ample time to deal with matters which would otherwise affect the performance of an employee. Recommendations The creation of independent groups in the organization is recommended as it allows the members to increase their contribution and innovation. This is contrary to the traditional directed groups where innovation was limited and the members just waited to act upon directives given from managers. Direct groups are those traditional teams that work only upon the directive of their seniors. Here there is inhibition of innovation which is not good for the organization. Their contribution is limited and the motivation is also lacking compared to the self directing groups. A self directing group is independent and self starting. It therefore makes the performance of employees increase due to the presence of innovation. Ano ther recommendation is encouraging the employees to have a working social welfare within them. The welfare should be autonomous. Those shall form an avenue for social interaction and bonding. Bonding and social interaction form the main ingredients of successful teamwork. Giving bonus and other remuneration based benefits to recognize good performance is also a means by which an organization may use to motivate the performance of its employees. Encouraging team and communication is also recommended in improving the performance of the employee. Through communication the organization goals reach the employees and through the same the employees are able to communicate the problems that might affect their performance. Dialogue between the managers and the employees is the best way to clear all the hindrances that affect employee performance. Works Cited Armstrong, Michael Baron, Angela. Performance Management: The New Realities, London: CIPD, 1998. Print Aslam, Hassan. â€Å"Improving Performance Management Practices in IT Firms of Pakistan.† Journal of Management Research 2.2 (2010): 3-6. Print Elmuti, Dean. â€Å"Self managed work teams approach: creative management tool or a fad?† Management Decisions 35.3 (1997): 233-239. Print Wiese, Danielle Buckley, Ronald. â€Å"The Evolution of The Performance Appraisal Process.† Journal of Management History 4.3 (1998): 233-249. Print This essay on Employee Performance in Management was written and submitted by user Payten Olsen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rules and Standards for Patent Drawings

Rules and Standards for Patent Drawings There are two acceptable categories for presenting drawings in utility and design patent applications: Black Ink: Black and white drawings are normally required. India ink, or its equivalent that secures solid black lines, must be used for drawings.Color: On rare occasions, color drawings may be necessary as the only practical medium by which to disclose the subject matter sought to be patented in a utility or design patent application or the subject matter of a statutory invention registration. The color drawings must be of sufficient quality such that all details in the drawings are reproducible in black and white in the printed patent. Color drawings are not permitted in international applications under patent treaty rule PCT 11.13, or in an application, or copy thereof, submitted under the electronic filing system (for utility applications only). The Office will accept color drawings in utility or design patent applications and statutory invention registrations only after granting a petition filed under this paragraph explaining why the color drawings are necessary. Any such petition must include the following: Patent petition fee 1.17 h - $130.00Three sets of color drawings, a black and white photocopy that accurately depicts the subject matter shown in the color drawingAn amendment to the specification to insert the following to be the first paragraph of the brief description of the drawings: The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. Photographs Black and White: Photographs, including photocopies of photographs, are not ordinarily permitted in utility and design patent applications. The Office will accept photographs in utility and design patent applications, however, if photographs are the only practicable medium for illustrating the claimed invention. For example, photographs or photomicrographs of: electrophoresis gels, blots (e.g., immunological, western, Southern, and northern), autoradiographs, cell cultures (stained and unstained), histological tissue cross sections (stained and unstained), animals, plants, in vivo imaging, thin layer chromatography plates, crystalline structures, and, in a design patent application, ornamental effects, are acceptable. If the subject matter of the application admits of illustration by a drawing, the examiner may require a drawing in place of the photograph. The photographs must be of sufficient quality so that all details in the photographs are reproducible in the printed patent. Color Photographs: Color photographs will be accepted in utility and design patent applications if the conditions for accepting color drawings and black and white photographs have been satisfied. Identification of Drawings Identifying indicia, if provided, should include the title of the invention, inventors name, and application number, or docket number (if any) if an application number has not been assigned to the application. If this information is provided, it must be placed on the front of each sheet and centered within the top margin. Graphic Forms In Drawings Chemical or mathematical formulae, tables, and waveforms may be submitted as drawings and are subject to the same requirements as drawings. Each chemical or mathematical formula must be labeled as a separate figure, using brackets when necessary, to show that information is properly integrated. Each group of waveforms must be presented as a single figure, using a common vertical axis with time extending along the horizontal axis. Each individual waveform discussed in the specification must be identified with a separate letter designation adjacent to the vertical axis. Type of Paper Drawings submitted to the Office must be made on paper which is flexible, strong, white, smooth, non-shiny, and durable. All sheets must be reasonably free from cracks, creases, and folds. Only one side of the sheet may be used for the drawing. Each sheet must be reasonably free from erasures and must be free from alterations, overwritings, and interlineations. Photographs must be developed on paper meeting the sheet-size requirements and the margin requirements (see below and next page). Sheet Size All drawing sheets in an application must be the same size. One of the shorter sides of the sheet is regarded as its top. The size of the sheets on which drawings are made must be: 21.0 cm. by 29.7 cm. (DIN size A4), or21.6 cm. by 27.9 cm. (8 1/2 by 11 inches) Margin Requirements The sheets must not contain frames around the sight (i.e., the usable surface), but should have scan target points (i.e., cross-hairs) printed on two catercorner margin corners. Each sheet must include: a top margin of at least 2.5 cm. (1 inch)a left side margin of at least 2.5 cm. (1 inch)a right side margin of at least 1.5 cm. (5/8 inch)and a bottom margin of at least 1.0 cm. (3/8 inch)thereby leaving a sight no greater than 17.0 cm. by 26.2 cm. on 21.0 cm. by 29.7 cm. (DIN size A4) drawing sheetsand a sight no greater than 17.6 cm. by 24.4 cm. (6 15/16 by 9 5/8 inches) on 21.6 cm. by 27.9 cm. (8 1/2 by 11 inch) drawing sheets Views The drawing must contain as many views as necessary to show the invention. The views may be plan, elevation, section, or perspective views. Detail views of portions of elements, on a larger scale if necessary, may also be used. All views of the drawing must be grouped together and arranged on the sheet(s) without wasting space, preferably in an upright position, clearly separated from one another, and must not be included in the sheets containing the specifications, claims, or abstract. Views must not be connected by projection lines and must not contain center lines. Waveforms of electrical signals may be connected by dashed lines to show the relative timing of the waveforms. Exploded Views: Exploded views, with the separated parts embraced by a bracket, to show the relationship or order of assembly of various parts are permissible. When an exploded view is shown in a figure which is on the same sheet as another figure, the exploded view should be placed in brackets.Partial Views: When necessary, a view of a large machine or device in its entirety may be broken into partial views on a single sheet or extended over several sheets if there is no loss in facility of understanding the view. Partial views drawn on separate sheets must always be capable of being linked edge to edge so that no partial view contains parts of another partial view.A smaller scale view should be included showing the whole formed by the partial views and indicating the positions of the parts shown.When a portion of a view is enlarged for magnification purposes, the view and the enlarged view must each be labeled as separate views.Where views on two or more sheets form, in effect, a s ingle complete view, the views on the several sheets must be so arranged that the complete figure can be assembled without concealing any part of any of the views appearing on the various sheets.A very long view may be divided into several parts placed one above the other on a single sheet. However, the relationship between the different parts must be clear and unambiguous. Sectional Views: The plane upon which a sectional view (example 2) is taken should be indicated on the view from which the section is cut by a broken line. The ends of the broken line should be designated by Arabic or Roman numerals corresponding to the view number of the sectional view and should have arrows to indicate the direction of sight. Hatching must be used to indicate section portions of an object and must be made by regularly spaced oblique parallel lines spaced sufficiently apart to enable the lines to be distinguished without difficulty. Hatching should not impede the clear reading of the reference characters and lead lines. If it is not possible to place reference characters outside the hatched area, the hatching may be broken off wherever reference characters are inserted. Hatching must be at a substantial angle to the surrounding axes or principal lines, preferably 45 °.A cross-section must be set out and drawn to show all of the materials as they are shown in the v iew from which the cross section was taken. The parts in cross section must show proper material(s) by hatching with regularly spaced parallel oblique strokes, the space between strokes being chosen on the basis of the total area to be hatched. The various parts of a cross section of the same item should be hatched in the same manner and should accurately and graphically indicate the nature of the material(s) that is illustrated in cross-section.The hatching of juxtaposed different elements must be angled in a different way. In the case of large areas, hatching may be confined to an edging drawn around the entire inside of the outline of the area to be hatched.Different types of hatching should have different conventional meanings as regards the nature of a material seen in cross-section. Alternate Position: A moved position may be shown by a broken line superimposed upon a suitable view if this can be done without crowding; otherwise, a separate view must be used for this purpose.Modified Forms: Modified forms of construction must be shown in separate views. Arrangement of Views One view must not be placed upon another or within the outline of another. All views on the same sheet should stand in the same direction and, if possible, stand so that they can be read with the sheet held in an upright position. If views wider than the width of the sheet are necessary for the clearest illustration of the invention, the sheet may be turned on its side so that the top of the sheet, with the appropriate top margin to be used as the heading space, is on the right-hand side. Words must appear in a horizontal, left-to-right fashion when the page is either upright or turned so that the top becomes the right side, except for graphs utilizing standard scientific convention to denote the axis of abscissas (of X) and the axis of ordinates (of Y). Front Page View The drawing must contain as many views as necessary to show the invention. One of the views should be suitable for inclusion on the front page of the patent application publication and patent as the illustration of the invention. Views must not be connected by projection lines and must not contain center lines. The applicant may suggest a single view (by figure number) for inclusion on the front page of the patent application publication and patent. Scale The scale to which a drawing is made must be large enough to show the mechanism without crowding when the drawing is reduced in size to two-thirds in reproduction. Indications such as actual size or scale 1/2 on the drawings are not permitted since these lose their meaning with reproduction in a different format. Character of Lines, Numbers, and Letters All drawings must be made by a process which will give them satisfactory reproduction characteristics. Every line, number, and letter must be durable, clean, black (except for color drawings), sufficiently dense and dark, and uniformly thick and well-defined. The weight of all lines and letters must be heavy enough to permit adequate reproduction. This requirement applies to all lines, however, fine, to shading, and to lines representing cut surfaces in sectional views. Lines and strokes of different thicknesses may be used in the same drawing where different thicknesses have a different meaning. Shading The use of shading in views is encouraged if it aids in understanding the invention and if it does not reduce legibility. Shading is used to indicate the surface or shape of spherical, cylindrical, and conical elements of an object. Flat parts may also be lightly shaded. Such shading is preferred in the case of parts shown in perspective, but not for cross-sections. See paragraph (h)(3) of this section. Spaced lines for shading are preferred. These lines must be thin, as few in number as practicable, and they must contrast with the rest of the drawings. As a substitute for shading, heavy lines on the shade side of objects can be used except where they superimpose on each other or obscure reference characters. Light should come from the upper left corner at an angle of 45 °. Surface delineations should preferably be shown by proper shading. Solid black shading areas are not permitted, except when used to represent bar graphs or color. Symbols Graphical drawing symbols may be used for conventional elements when appropriate. The elements for which such symbols and labeled representations are used must be adequately identified in the specification. Known devices should be illustrated by symbols which have a universally recognized conventional meaning and are generally accepted in the art. Other symbols which are not universally recognized may be used, subject to approval by the Office, if they are not likely to be confused with existing conventional symbols, and if they are readily identifiable. Legends Suitable descriptive legends may be used subject to approval by the Office or may be required by the examiner where necessary for an understanding of the drawing. They should contain as few words as possible. Numbers, Letters, Reference Characters Reference characters (numerals are preferred), sheet numbers, and view numbers must be plain and legible, and must not be used in association with brackets or inverted commas, or enclosed within outlines, e.g., encircled. They must be oriented in the same direction as the view so as to avoid having to rotate the sheet. Reference characters should be arranged to follow the profile of the object depicted.The  English alphabet  must be used for letters, except where another alphabet is customarily used, such as the  Greek alphabet  to indicate angles, wavelengths, and mathematical formulas.Numbers, letters, and reference characters must measure at least.32 cm. (1/8 inch) in height. They should not be placed in the drawing so as to interfere with its comprehension. Therefore, they should not cross or mingle with the lines. They should not be placed upon hatched or shaded surfaces. When necessary, such as indicating a surface or cross section, a reference character may be underlin ed and a blank space may be left in the hatching or shading where the character occurs so that it appears distinct. The same part of an invention appearing in more than one view of the drawing must always be designated by the same reference character, and the same reference character must never be used to designate different parts.Reference characters not mentioned in the description shall not appear in the drawings. Reference characters mentioned in the description must appear in the drawings. Lead Lines Lead lines are those lines between the reference characters and the details referred to. Such lines may be straight or curved and should be as short as possible. They must originate in the immediate proximity of the reference character and extend to the feature indicated. Lead lines must not cross each other. Lead lines are required for each reference character except for those which indicate the surface or cross section on which they are placed. Such a reference character must be underlined to make it clear that a lead line has not been left out by mistake. Arrows Arrows may be used at the ends of lines, provided that their meaning is clear, as follows: On a lead line, a freestanding arrow to indicate the entire section towards which it points;On a lead line, an arrow touching a line to indicate the surface shown by the line looking along the direction of the arrow; orTo show the direction of movement. Copyright or Mask Work Notice A copyright or mask work notice may appear in the drawing but must be placed within the sight of the drawing immediately below the figure representing the copyright or mask work material and be limited to letters having a print size of 32 cm. to 64 cm. (1/8 to 1/4 inches) high. The content of the notice must be limited to only those elements provided for by law. For example,  ©1983 John Doe (17 U.S.C. 401) and *M* John Doe (17 U.S.C. 909) would be properly limited and, under current statutes, legally sufficient notices of copyright and mask work, respectively. Inclusion of a copyright or mask work notice will be permitted only if the authorization language set forth in rule  Ã‚ § 1.71(e)  is included at the beginning (preferably as the first paragraph) of the specification. Numbering of Sheets of Drawings The sheets of drawings should be numbered in consecutive Arabic numerals, starting with 1, within the sight as defined by the  margins. These numbers, if present, must be placed in the middle of the top of the sheet, but not in the margin. The numbers can be placed on the right-hand side if the drawing extends too close to the middle of the top edge of the usable surface. The drawing sheet numbering must be clear and larger than the numbers used as  reference characters  to avoid confusion. The number of each sheet should be shown by two Arabic numerals placed on either side of an oblique line, with the first being the sheet number and the second being the total number of sheets of drawings, with no other marking. Numbering of Views The different views must be numbered in consecutive Arabic numerals, starting with 1, independent of the numbering of the sheets and, if possible, in the order in which they appear on the drawing sheet(s). Partial views intended to form one complete view, on one or several sheets, must be identified by the same number followed by a  capital letter. View numbers must be preceded by the abbreviation FIG. Where only a single view is used in an application to illustrate the claimed invention, it must not be numbered and the abbreviation FIG. must not appear.Numbers and letters identifying the views must be simple and clear and must not be used in association with brackets, circles, or  inverted commas. The view numbers must be larger than the numbers used for reference characters. Security Markings Authorized security markings may be placed on the drawings provided they are outside the sight, preferably centered in the top margin. Corrections Any corrections on drawings submitted to the Office must be durable and permanent. Holes No holes should be made by the applicant in the drawing sheets. Types of Drawings See rules for  § 1.152 for design drawings,  § 1.165 for plant drawings, and  § 1.174 for reissue drawings

Employee Compensation and Benefits Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Compensation and Benefits - Assignment Example In this case, subordinates like a secretary earns within the lower range. The wages will be paid every Sunday of every week and the amount of wages per worker will be reviewed annually based on the prevailing inflation rates of the country, performance measures and amount of profits earned in the company (Trani, 2003). Bonus payments will be paid to employees who perform exceptionally. The secretary will therefore earn a bonus if customers provide a positive feedback about her. Performance management system of the company will appraise the performance of the secretary annually and provide bonuses based on the performance rankings and ratings. The bonus will be provided in cash basis determined as a percentage of salary. The bonus is paid based on appraisal of the employee’s performance in terms of the speed of performing tasks, level of organisation during employee training, and how the secretary treats applicants when they come for interview. The employee benefits of the secretary will include healthcare benefits, disability insurance and retirement benefits, and will be paid to the secretary just like any other employee of the organization. 2.5 percent of secretary’s weekly wages will be deducted to cover for monthly premium of the employee’s healthcare and the remaining amount of monthly premium is paid by the business to cover for the secretary’s healthcare benefits (Goldman et al, 2005). If the secretary is not able to work on a short term basis due to disability, the business provides 50% of income (pre-disability wages) as part of her benefits package. This is based on the requirement of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ fixed percentage earnings which requires 50%-70% of employee’s predetermined salary to be paid as disability insurance (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013). This will be paid every